Tomahl Cook vs Nj free essay sample

State v. Tomahl Cook The case of Tomahl Cook vs. The State of New Jersey was a very grusome study in the tragedy of Katrina Suhan. Katrina was murdered February 14, 1998 in Old Bridge, New Jersey. She was only 15 years when she was brutally murdered by a cold-hearted ruthless murderer. Katrinas life was taken away from her at such a young age due to a sick human being. The experience of driving by where Katrina lived, where she was abducted, and where she was murdered was very moving. I found it very interesting to follow the trail of a murder as if I was on the case myself. The street where Katrina was abducted is a pretty busy street which is North Stevens St. in South Amboy. I could envision it at night how it could be an eerie place to be walking alone. As to why Katrinas friend Katherine and her parents let her walk home alone, baffles me to this point. We will write a custom essay sample on Tomahl Cook vs Nj or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The walk from Katherine’s house to Katrina’s apartment was a pretty far distance. When I drove by car from house to house, it took me approximately fifteen minutes. A fifteen minute car drive is about a fourty-five minute walk. Katherine’s parents should have never let Katrina out of the house at night to do that walk alone. Katrina insisted that she would be fine and would have no problem walking alone. I assumed she felt this way probably because she had lived in the area her whole life and knew it pretty well. A 15 year old girl shouldnt be walking alone in the midst of the night in any town. The abduction of Katrina could have been easily avoided if her friends parents took some responsibility. Driving down the road leading up to the hole in a wall led me to a spooky feeling. I could only imagine if I was walking alone at night into this tunnel with a feeling I would never escape. The next place I went to was the roller rink which was also located off N. Stevens in South Amboy. It is located approximately two miles away from Cardinal McCarrick High School where Katrina attended. I went inside the roller rink to observe the place and to get a feel of it. The place had an old fashioned feel to it with lights flashing and music playing. It almost felt as if I was back in the seventies. Looking from the outside at the building it doesn’t look like much as the building is very plainly painted white. Katrina and Katherine attended Roller Magic roller rink the night she was murdered for a Valentine’s Day party. Katrina loved to roller blade and often attended the roller rink regularly. Tomahl Cook has been there before and had observed Katrina was there and kept an eye on her. Katrina had no idea who Cook was, nor did she think he would cause any threat to her life. On the night of the Valentine’s Day party, Tomahl was present and was destined to find love with a girl. While he was there he spotted Katrina and had the urge for her to be his mistress for the night. This is when things took a turn for the worse instantly as Katrina had no clue what was coming to her this night. Inevitably, Cook abducted Katrina later that night when she was walking home from Katherine’s house. She was abducted in front of her high school. This is the next place I would visit on my journey through this case. Saint Mary’s is pretty big high school relatively in size. The school is located on Steven’s Avenue across the street from the church. This area during the day was extremely busy as Steven’s Avenue is a main street in South Amboy. There are plenty of houses in the surrounding area along with businesses. From the case study, when Katrina was abducted she gave out a scream which certainly anyone in the proximity of the area would hear. Cook acted fast and kidnapped Katrina and was off with her before anyone could see what had happened. People who lived in the neighboring houses heard the scream, but when they went outside they saw nothing suspicious. At this point it was too late and Tomahl was on a mission to make Katrina his for the night. Next I went to Katrina’s apartment where she lived with her parents which was located off Feltus Street in South Amboy. The area has been renovated with new townhouses surrounding her apartment building. The neighborhood seemed to be a nice area from how it looks now. Katrina had a very long walk that night to reach her destination. Unfortunately she would never make it back to her house the evening of Valentine’s Day. Instead she was brutally murdered and left to die in a field behind a bowling alley where now lies the Home Depot in Sayerville. Her body was found by people who were riding atv’s behind the bowling alley in a wooded area. Her skull was fractured as she suffered blunt force trauma which induced her death. The Home Depot was sincere enough to leave a space where a memorial lies for Katrina where her body was found. The memorial is a nice area where an engraved stone has Katrina’s information and the usual information a tombstone would read. Overall I found it to be a very interesting experience to go through the steps of the murder case. I could almost put myself in Katrina’s shoes that night when her life was tragically ended unfortunately. Tomahl Cook is serving a life sentence in prison which he absolutely deserves, but none the less I think he should have got the death penalty. I feel if any human being abducts somebody and murders them should have their own life taken away from them. I think this is the proper way justice should be served. A poor innocent girl on February 14. 1998 was murdered in such a painful matter for the purpose of sexual intent from a cruel and ruthless man. There are many ways this murder could have been prevented but unfortunately events like this, pave the way for future knowledge as we know today. We learn from these events which took place and adapt to them our lives presently.

More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology

More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology More Names of Plants, Food, and Drinks Formed by Folk Etymology By Mark Nichol This post lists words derived from words in other languages as a result of folk etymology, a process by which speakers adopt the foreign terms after revising them by using existing elements from their native language. acorn: This word is descended from the Old English term aecerne, meaning â€Å"tree nut† but originally referring in various forms in Germanic languages to the trunk of a tree; by folk etymology, the current spelling derived from a false association with ac (â€Å"oak†) and corn (â€Å"grain†). (The word is, however, related to acre.) ketchup/catsup: Ketchup, which stems from various spellings of a Malay word probably based on the Chinese term koechiap, meaning â€Å"brine of fish,† originally referred to a fish sauce but now generally pertains to the tomato-based condiment; the word became a catch-all term for a variety of sauces and gravies, of which the most predominant in the United States, by the early nineteenth century, was tomato based. The variant catchup was eventually altered, perhaps from the influence of sup, to catsup, but ketchup predominates. chestnut: The name of a type of tree, the wood harvested from it, and the edible nut it produces stems from the Latin term castanea (probably itself borrowed from a language of Asia Minor) by way of Old French and Middle English. By the early 1500s, it was (redundantly) called a chesten nut; that word developed into the current form. couch grass: This term for various types of grass has nothing to do with furniture. The word couch, and variants quack, quitch, twitch, and witch, are all corruptions of the Old English word cwice, meaning â€Å"alive† and also the forebear of quick, meaning â€Å"alive† in addition to its primary sense of â€Å"fast† (as in the phrase â€Å"the quick and the dead,† which alludes to contrasting states of being). dogwood: The first element of these names for various trees and shrubs and wood produced by dogwood trees, and the berries they produce, has nothing to do with canines; dogwood is a corruption of dagwood, with the same first element as dagger. (The very hard wood of the tree was used for making arrows and skewers.) gin: Gin, the name for a liquor flavored with juniper berries, is a truncation of genever, related to the Old French term genià ©vre and the Dutch word jenever, all of which derive from the Latin word juniperus. gingerbread: The name of the molasses- and ginger-based confection has nothing to do with bread; the term derives from the Old French word gingembrat, a variation of gimgembre, meaning â€Å"ginger.† Gingembrat, and its Middle English derivation gingebred, referred originally to a ginger paste used both in cooking and medicine. gooseberry: This shrub and its berry have no association with waterfowl; the first element may be a corruption of the Old French term grosele or the German word Krausebeere. jerky: The name of the dried meat is from the word ch’arki, from Quechua, the language of the Incas, by way of the American Spanish term charqui, meaning â€Å"jerked meat.† (Jerked means â€Å"sun-dried.†) Jerusalem artichoke: The name of this sunflower and its edible tubers has no association with the Middle Eastern city; the first word is a corruption of the Italian term girasole (â€Å"sunflower†). (The second element of that word, which was adopted directly into English, is from the Latin word sol, meaning â€Å"sun.†) rosemary: The name of this herb has nothing to do with the rose or the name Mary; it is a corruption of rosmarine, from the Latin term rosmarinus, meaning â€Å"dew of the sea,† alluding to the flourishing of the plant near coasts. (Marinus, from which marine is derived, means â€Å"from the sea.†) sandalwood: Various types of wood have been used to make sandals, but sandalwood is not one of them. Sandal, in this word, derives from the Sanskrit term Ä andana-m, which may have alluded to its use for burning incense. (That Sanskrit word, which passed through Greek, Latin, Old French, and Middle English in various forms, may be related to the Latin word candere, meaning â€Å"glow† or â€Å"shine,† from which candle is descended.) shamrock: There’s no connection between the clover and the notion of a fake stone; shamrock is merely the Anglicized spelling of the Irish word seamrog. spare rib: This term for a cut of pork ribs alludes to its scarcity of fat, but the source is the Middle Low German word ribbesper; sper meant â€Å"spear† or â€Å"spit† and referred to the method of roasting the meat on a spit. (Spear, spar, and spire are all related.) (This post is a sequel to a previous post.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:85 Synonyms for â€Å"Help†Abstract Nouns from Adjectives50 Tips on How to Write Good

Braving the Middle School Book Talk

Braving the Middle School Book Talk When we writers began our quest in the literary world, we held several fantasies.â€Å"My book will sell more than Harry Potter†, â€Å"Johnny Depp will call and beg me to let him produce my book into a movie†, â€Å"Stephen King and I will be on a first name basis† (come on, I can’t be the ONLY one thinking of this!). But then we write, and lo and behold, that status doesn’t come, the fame and money dont come but other things come. Maybe you receive local recognition, an invite to do a book talk at a local book club, or school, or library. After a local newspaper mentioend my locally-published middle grade book, I was approached This is my fourth year of doing book talks to middle grade students, and I have come across some interesting tidbits I thought might help my fellow literary artists out there. Public speaking is a common fear. I used to be the lead singer in a band, and I had to talk, and I was scared to death of it. That was years ago. Of course since then stage fright has multiplied – and then to think, â€Å"You have to talk to kids! They have the attention span of†¦ a gnat!† Well that’s what teachers kept telling me anyway, but†¦ I approached my very first book talk in pretty much the same way I approach my writing. â€Å"Don’t think about it, keep a short outline in your head, step up, do it ignore the outline.† Truly, some people are better off at winging it, but for those of you who aren’t, here’s some advice from someone who has had to stand in front of ‘tweens’ for three years running. 1. Don’t be afraid. These are kids, they don’t work for the I.R.S. 2. You are their entertainment. You being there means they don’t have to do class work. They want you there! 3. Exude the joy of writing to them. They need to see it, feel it, hear it in your presentation or you’re just another grown up, talking. 4. Be prepared. Have samples, teasers, book marks. They love taking that stuff. True it may never make it home, but some of it will. 5. Plan entertaining answers for common question like: a. Are you rich and/or famous? My challenge to this is to let them know that though we can eventually gain a mass of riches, we write for the love of writing. One question I always ask is â€Å"How many of you here like to write?† and it never fails, I get one or two hands go up in a classroom, and they aren’t excited to let their friends know this. So my response is â€Å"That’s great. How many love to read?† More hands go up. â€Å"Well there ya go, you can’t read unless someone is writing, so you couple of writers will be fueling their reading hunger, get started.† b. â€Å"Miss Jones says that when we write, we have to do re-writes. How many times do you have to re-write the same story?† Answer? â€Å"Do you have a favorite song? Do you know it c. â€Å"I can never get ideas, all my ideas come from books I already know.† Answer:   â€Å"Ideas are all around you, just look for them. Writing to me is like a puzzle. It comes in pieces then as you write it puts itself together.† An example I give in every class is this one : â€Å"You know when you go to the grocery store with your mom and the cashier has a name tag ‘My name is Brian, ask me about my dog’. What about Brian’s dog? Well Fluffy died two weeks ago, but Brian has it in his freezer because he loves that dog and just can’t let go – and yes that’s dead dog hair on your Lucky Charms.† It always gets a laugh. Ideas are everywhere, a good exercise is to ask someone what they did over the weekend, and expand from there – and even make it a quick game. â€Å"We went to the zoo.† â€Å"Ahh, ok, so suppose you were at the zoo, and as you walked Basically, the audience wants you to sway them. They need to see the fire to write in you, and you will inspire. I love to share the fact that when I was in middle school I spent almost all of my time drawing comic books – or graphic novels as they like to call them these days – and that I credit my high school English teacher in lighting the fire in me to write. She pulled me aside one day and said â€Å"Why don’t you try writing a short story, I think you could do it.† I did. She liked it, and the rest is history. If you are an author of YA or Middle Grade books, contact the media specialist or lead teacher at your local schools and ask for a chance to speak with the kids. A good time for this is either during the month of November which is NaNoWriMo (National Novel Writing Month), or during your local schools National Literacy Week. Either way you can wow them with your literary artistic skill and craft. Make us proud.

Walmart Vs. Target Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Walmart Vs. Target - Research Paper Example Company’s Profile Walmart Wal-Mart was founded in 1962 in Rogers, Ark by Sam Walton (Walmart Corporate Website, n.d.). Since the time when the first Walmart discount store has been opened, the company grew to 706 stores across the United States (Walmart Corporate Website, n.d.). Walmart’s headquarter is allocated in Bentonville, Arkansas (Walmart Corporate Website, n.d.). In 1969, the company incorporated as Wal-Mart Stores Inc. (Walmart Corporate Website, n.d.). Today the company operates in different formats, including Sam’s Club membership warehouse, supercenters, neighborhood markets, marketside and online stores. Envisioned 40 years ago Walmart’s mission of â€Å"saving people money to help them live better† continues to be an incentive for the overall company’s business operating. In addition to the mission statement, the company has developed the Walmart’s Ethical Standards Program and a strong ethical policy, focused mainly on the basic value of respect for all shareholders, including customers, associates, and suppliers (Walmart Corporate Website: Culture, n.d.). Target Target was founded in 1902 by George Draper Dayton and was called as the Dayton Dry Goods Company (Target Website: Our History, n.d.). The first Target store opened in Roseville, Minnesota, in 1962 (Target Website: Our Stores, n.d.). As of today, discount retailer has captured significant market share by having allocated about 1750 stores in 49 states (Target Website: Our Stores, n.d.). By doing business and developing strategic plans for the company, current Chairman, President and CEO of Target, Gregg Steinhafel, follows the idea that: â€Å"Diversity is much more than a goal or campaign; it is a core value of the giant retailer (Steinhagel, n.d.). The mission of the company is to â€Å"make Target the preferred shopping destination for its guests by delivering outstanding value, continuous innovation and an exceptional guest experien ce by consistently fulfilling its logo: Expect More. Pay Less (Target Website: Our Mission, n.d.). Besides its main activity, Target demonstrates a strong commitment to communities by providing support to: education activities, volunteerism, different social services, military and veteran assistance and some others (Target Website: Community Outreach, n.d.). Marketing strategies Walmart The key marketing strategy formulated as the Walmart’s logo was based on the principle: Always Low Prices, Always. Therefore, the company’s pricing strategy is to provide the goods sold at the lowest prices. To gain this competitive advantage the management of the company continuously works on the cost reduction programs. Additionally, in order to achieve the maximum amount of potential customers, Walmart began to focus its marketing strategy on different target markets, by differentiating its stores into: Walmart discount stores, Walmart supercenters, Walmart neighborhood markets, mark etside, and Walmart.com (Walmartstores Corporate Website, n.d.). While analyzing mainly the Walmart store format, it can be summarized that the size of an average store is 108  000 square feet; these stores are wide and clean; the aisles are brightly-lit and the shelves are stocked with various value-prices general merchandise product, including: family apparel, electronics, toys, health and beauty aids,

The effects of television on children's intelligence and education Essay

The effects of television on children's intelligence and education - Essay Example The negative influence of television on children has by far outpaced the positive sides of the television programs. Shaffer indicates that students and children who spend much of their time watching television becomes inactive an inattentive in school (9). This effect attributes to the low concentration span of children that would have exhausted in the process of watching television. BBC cites that watching television also allows individual children very little time to interact with others thus becoming less social. Lack of social interaction among children denies the individual child precious opportunity to explore and think about forces that act on the environment and thus the retard cognitive development. This further lowers the level of creativity of an individual child leading to poor critical thinking and performance when it comes to class activities and assignments. Long hours of exposure to loud noises emanating from television and overconcentration of television programs have led to poor attention in class especially when there is background noise. Watching television makes individual children adapt to visual images that move at fast paces, and may distract their attention when it comes to class work. According to Gunter and McAleer, adaptation on fast-paced visual television pictures may also affect listening skills of an individual child considering their exposure to picture communication rather than vocal communication (14). Some television programs that involve violence and commercial shows involving advertisements of alcoholic products may convince an individual child to start leading immoral life. The diversion of child’s mentality to alcoholic products and violent activities may have very negative impact on the intellectuality of individual child. As pointed by Shaffer, watching television becomes addictive to children who would want to spend much

Home School versus Public Education in Society Essay Example for Free

Home School versus Public Education in Society Essay Are we aware of what social environment your child thrives in daily? Are the teachers who are educating our children, the right person to get the job done? What are the success rates of our children in the coming future? Are there similarities between public school and home school? Do you know the answers to these questions? There are similarities between public education and home schooled children, but let’s face it, there are differences in who will be educating our children, how much school will cost out of our pockets, whether our children will develop healthy relationships with other children their age, and whether or not our children will become successful human beings in society. This essay examines all your concerns as parents with school-aged children, and what education method may be better for your child’s future. To many parents in society, it always has been a worry that socialization may become jeopardized in a home school bound child. Many people believe that public educated children learn about socialization from â€Å"the school of hard knocks† in a public setting because they have to learn socialization skills on how to act around other children, and teachers, by a trial and error process. Truth is many teachers just do not have enough time in the day to teach every child the correct way to interact with others socially. The good side of social interaction in public schools is that our children do make close friendships in school, and they usually last outside of the classroom walls. On the other hand, in a homeschool setting, each parent has the ability, and time, to teach their own children the correct way to act properly, socially. As long as the parent takes the time to interact with their child and take them to other social events in the community, with other children and adults, the child has an upper-hand to get the best socialization that a parent could teach them. Is this a real life scenario? A study done in 2003, conducted by the Home School Legal Defense Association, discovered that homeschooled children were either as equally, or involved more, in community activities, voting, and employment, than those educated from a public school. The downside to home schooling your child is that they do not get the constant interaction with children throughout their day, and maybe making it harder for your child to make friends near their home. One question to ask yourself, â€Å"Is your home located near other children close to your child’s age?† Public education offers college educated teachers to teach the students, while home school offers the students’ parents to become the educators. For instance, in a public school environment, the teachers are college educated, and very fluent in the area of study that they are teaching their students, so it may be easier to come up with ways to teach the students how to learn and retain the information they are taught. But does every student learn the same? No! Some students need more attention than others, and sometimes one teacher is just not enough for all the students present in their classroom. Whereas, in a homeschool setting, children are given homework and tested by their parents at their discretion of what they may think their child needs to learn more of and test to show they have the knowledge needed on the subject or material. If the parents don’t quite know how to teach all the curriculum materials on each subject, then home schooling your child may not work for you. As long as the student is learning the material, and the parent is not helping the child by giving them the answers, then homeschool is an excellent way for your child to learn. The parent has the full opportunity to teach their child the way they want them to learn, and be proud of them when they succeed in their studies. Success Rates may also vary from both education backgrounds. Boys generally have a higher rate of drop-outs than girls, in every state in the U.S. The National Center for Education Statistics did a study on the classes of 2010, in the United States, and found that 78% percent of students had earned their degree, on time, within the four years they had begun high school. That statistic was an all-time high of the past forty years, however, 1974 was the last year that those graduation rates were actually charted. More importantly, major cities generally have a higher drop-out rate than students from suburb schools. Generally, because of the changes in the economy, students can be seen dropping out to help out their family when times are tough. When the economy gets weak, high school students have a tendency to drop-out of school faster than they might otherwise have done. In 2005, the Education Department started publishing an official estimate of high school graduation rates, and, surprisingly, all 50 states agreed to a standard method of calculating those rates by this year, 2013. Currently there are only 4% of school-aged children home schooled in America. That number may seem quite small to hear, but it has risen up 75%, since 1999, to make that four percent, today. The number of kids, whose parents are not enrolling their children into public schools, is growing seven times faster than students seem to be enrolling in the k-12 school years in public schools, year by year. Although it is harder for non-traditional students, like homeschoolers, to receive scholarships for schools, due to the lack of recognition in their education background, they do, however, enroll and attain their four-year degree at a much higher rate than a public educated student. In conclusion, it does matter where you send your children to become an educated young adult. We need to all consider the positive and negative aspect of the education path we send our children down. There are some questions to ponder when doing so. Think about what environment you want your child to be involved in daily. Decide whether you want to be the educator, or someone from a school. Think about what social environment you think you will see your child truly blossom in. Lastly, decide whether or not it is the right decision for your child, not just yourself and the family. References: Michigan Department of Education (2012). â€Å"Home Schooling in Michigan†. www.michigan.gov Beverly Hernandez. â€Å"Is Homeschool for You?† www.homeschooling.about.com Ellen, Mary. (2012). â€Å"Homeschool vs. Public School: Who’s Better Socialized.† Off The Grid News. www.offthegridnews.com Layton, Lyndsey. â€Å"National public high school graduation rate at a four-decade high.† The Washington Post. www.washingtonpost.com Lawrence, Julia. (2012). â€Å"Number of Homeschoolers Growing Nationwide.† Education News. www.educationnews.org

Some Writing from Nancy Tucker :: Literature Papers

Some Writing from Nancy Tucker This page contains three pieces, Advice to Young Poets and Writers, Driving,and The Big Five- O. Advice to Young Poets and Writers Life is not easy. Write. Because you can, you must. Remember your roots, your pain. Use them. But roots and pain are not enough--move on from your own past. Look outward--use your eyes to see both what other people do not see and what other people see but do not talk about. Write. Learn to listen to the crickets, the dogs, the squeak of bicycles and to other people's stories. Ask questions. Wait for answers. Write. Look inward--test truth on your own pulses. Writing is both art and craft Use your skill, your talent to tell the truth--that's the point of being a writer. Write. Avoid self-righteousness--other people have truths, too. Laugh. And cry. In the same sentence, if you can do it well. Be afraid. Write anyway. Always, always, always do what your teachers say cannot be done. And when you teach, if you teach, remember you too are a learner: respect your students' truths even as you nudge them toward growth. Write. Begin now. Nancy Tucker April, 1997 Return to 313-2000 Return to 313work Return to 840 work Return to Nancy Tucker's homepage Driving It’s 6:30 and I drag my briefcase to my car, pull out of the parking lot and join the snake of cars heading home. The white line becomes my guide as darkness slips down behind me. I’m on the road again, Willie. Drivin’ my life away, Eddie. I eat flattened fruit ‘n’ pastry bars from a side pocket in my purse and wish for pasta in alfredo sauce or a thick burger and a beer. But I’m still driving, driving, driving, so there’s no hope of that. nt ? March, 2000 THE BIG FIVE-0H by Nancy Tucker I have a book on my nightstand called Aging Gracefully. Someone bought it for me, hoping it would give me hope and courage, I guess. It's next to another gift book, Women Turning 50. Oh yeah, you guessed it. In a few days. The Big 5-0. Half-a-century. Yeah, it boggles my mind, too- I'm gonna be 50. While I'm pleased that people think of me and care enough to give me books, I really believe that 50 is something that happens to someone else.

Defining Affirmative Action

Affirmative action, by definition, is a program designed to favor minorities and remedy past discrimination (Cummings, p. 192). It started in 1961 with President John F. Kennedy, by instructing the federal contractors to take affirmative action to ensure that all people are treated equally regardless of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Ever since it started, for more than thirty years now, it has been a controversial issue regarding employment practices (Anniston). This research paper will discuss the history of affirmative action, the pro's and con's of affirmative action in the workplace and in the educational system, and proposition 209. In 1961, President John F. Kennedy was the first to use affirmative action. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 barred discrimination by universities or others that received federal assistance (Cummings, p. 192). After it came the Voting Act of 1965, Immigration Act of 1965, The Fair Housing Act of 1968 (Nieli, p. ). In 1978, President Carter created the Office of Federal Contract Compliance Program (OFCCP) to ensure compliance with the affirmative action policies by the department of labor (Brown). Also in 1978 was the Bakke v. Reagents of the University of California, where Supreme Court upheld that use of race as one factor in choosing among qualified applicants for admission and reserving certain seats in each entering class of students for disadvantaged minorities were unlawful. Affirmative action began to go downhill and fading away during the presidency of Ronald Reagan and later George Bush. The republicans in the White House and in congress ignored the affirmative action. Finally to the presidency of Bill Clinton, the republicans were attempting to scare people into changing their party lines by saying that affirmative action is nothing more than a quota or reverse discrimination (Brown). Just by watching the history of this issue, one can come to a conclusion that we've come a long way in regards to racial and gender discrimination. Affirmative action programs offer individuals such as women and minorities a chance at equal employment opportunities and representation through positive, results-oriented practices that purposely take race and gender into account (Anniston). In the work force, minorities and women are source of cheap labor. The employers higher them to work with very little pay and little or no benefits. Higher paying jobs were always filled with white males. Even when women wanted to be as successful as that of men, they had a limit hanging over their head called the â€Å"glass-ceiling†. But through affirmative action, women and minorities were able to get higher paying jobs and even promotions and some even going up to the professional jobs. For example, women have made significant progress in recent year; in 1963, women earned fifty-nine cents for every dollar earned by men. Today, women earn on average seventy-one cents for every dollar earned by men (Curry, p. 179). Affirmative action may reduce racial tension forcing people to interact together and work as a unit in a professional and intellectual level across racial lines (Lewis). This program gives the minorities the opportunity to join the competition in the â€Å"white† American society and to defy the stigmas and stereotypes cast upon them by others. Some people believe that affirmative action is wrong because it discriminates. For example, and employer hires anyone because he/she is a minority, even if someone else is more qualified for the job. In this case, the employer is not discriminating against the minorities but against the majorities. Some also argue that affirmative action programs incite racial tension (Lewis). Since employers are very sensitive about affirmative action programs and if a white male is more qualified for the job than the minority, it may stir up some tension between those people involved. And because of the tension, the employers are more likely to higher a minority, who is less qualified for the job. By doing so, the employers may have a feeling that they are left with the short end of the stick and a lesser quality worker (Wit). If a workplace made decisions on hiring and promoting on the basis of ethnicity, such a workplace would go under. Decisions make in workplace should be merit-base; the eligibility and quality of the employee, not race-base. The outcome of the case of Allen Bakke v. Reagents of the University of California in 1974, helped many minorities to go into college. Allan Bakke had applied for medical school in University of California at Davis in 1973 and in 1974 and was rejected because they only set aside 16 seats for minorities each year. He sued contending that he had been excluded on the basis of his race in violation of the Constitution and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Cummings, p. 193). The California Supreme Court called the act of the university unconstitutional and Bakke won along with other minorities who could not get into college. In the case of Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas in 1954, the Supreme Court ruled that although the physical factors and tangible factors may be equal in public school systems, the children of the minority group were deprived of the equal education. Therefore they are deprived of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the fourteenth amendment (Cummings, p. 182). Even though the compliance of this law was very slow, eventually all states complied with the law and made public school available to the minorities. By 1969, all the public schools in the country were trying to comply with the law. The history of the campaign against racial injustice since 1954, when the Supreme Court decided Brown v. Board of Education, is a history in a large part of failure (Nieli p. 79). The law may have said to put an end to segregation and racism in public schools, but even now, the racism and the segregation still live in the hearts of American people. In 1979, the case was reopened because even twenty-five years later, schools were still segregated. Affirmative action is supposed to treat everyone as equals. But actually and in reality, it does not treat everyone with equality. When admitting a person to a college, in the registration form, it asks what race the person is. If it were to treat everyone equally, it wouldn't ask that question. And because of the affirmative action law and trying to comply with it, the colleges will pick a minority, who may not be as qualified, to attend the school, therefore lowering the standard of the school to match that person's standard. The standards for all the people should be the same no matter what. Proposition 209 was proposed by Californians that wanted to outlaw programs based on affirmative action. It was passed by a narrow margin in the November 5,1996. Proposition abolished all public sector affirmative action programs in the state in employment, education and contracting. It also permits gender discrimination that is reasonably necessary to the normal operation of public education, employment and contracting. This proposition means that people should not have special privileges on the basis of their race, sex, color, ethnicity, or national origin in any kind of public services where it's funded by the government. In regards to the affirmative action issue, this proposition makes it hard for people to get hired just because they are a minority. The proposition tries to bring balance between all the people not on the basis of their minority or majority but on their merits. When I first started this research, I only did it because the subject was well known and easy to find. After finishing the research, my opinion towards affirmative action was swayed a little. I first thought that affirmative action was an absolute good that helps the minorities of the community to have the equal opportunity as that of others. But now, I feel that affirmative action itself was contributing to discrimination. It was discrimination against those who were more qualified in a job or in a college who couldn†t' get in because there was a minority and the rule had to be bent a little to accept those minorities. I believe that the standards should be the same for all people and the law shouldn't be bent just because a minority couldn't keep u with the standards of the society. If the person is not qualified for the field, then they shouldn't be hired, because if they were, they're robbing another wee qualified person their job and the opportunity to achieve their goal and do their best. It may be the case that a minority, picked over the more qualified person, might quit or get fired because they were way in over their heads. Affirmative action should not be something that the society would have to abide to. It should be a reference to when there are conflicts among controversial issues that is related to discrimination on workplace or in educational system. I believe that in the society that we live in, discrimination should be something that of the past. To believe in racism and discrimination against minorities, just wouldn†t be America.

An Event

Aims Good educational background Safety for all students Enjoyable trip Effective and efficient transport Here are the aims in which we are looking at to achieve on the trip which we choose. We have chosen to aim to get a good educational background from the trip because it therefore gives us a higher value on which to evaluate the trip and we then gain good knowledge. Safety for all students is really Important no matter what the trip Involves. The trip being enjoyable by the students Is also Important because then we are also gallon an experience through school work.Objectives Be organized Effective communication throughout the group Ensure everyone is aware – knowing what is going on at all times Make sure everyone is happy with what we are doing – student input Objectives are what are in place in order to achieve the aim therefore we are looking to achieve the aims above which will make the trip a successful one. The main objective on the trip is to be organized bec ause if we are not organized then could end up causing big problems throughout.Outcomes Successful trip Receiving a positive feedback from all Individuals on the trip Show that we can work together as a team and successfully These outcomes are in place as these are what we are looking to have achieved from the trip. Primary Market Research For the primary research in which we were using to use to see which options are best for the trip and will hopefully allow us to meet our aims and objectives, we created a questionnaire and asked 31 people to see what they thought. Here are the questions in which we asked.Out of the following places where would you most likely like to visit? For each of these trips, how much would you be willing to pay for them? For each of these trips which activities would you most likely like to participate in? For each of these trips, which activities would you be most likely to participate in? For each of these trips how much would you be willing to pay for t hem? (Paris) Below are the results In which we received from the questionnaire that we asked and the evaluations to which we could chose most appropriately to the students' wants and needs. Dents would want to visit would be New York. This shows that although some students would like to see some of the other options in which was available New York would be most likely. 15 out of 31 people said they would prefer New York which shows that it is a popular attraction and would be considered for our trip. We asked a number of people how much they would be willing to pay to go to New York. The results show that students would be willing to pay IEEE-IEEE. From these results we know that students are aware of the pricing in which New York would cost.We now know that we would have to keep the pricing of the trip within this pricing bracket as none of the students we asked said that they would pay IEEE-IOW. We think that this is a good result because looking at the graph above, the majority o f the people that we asked said that they would like to go New York, and comparing it to his one they said that they would be willing to pay a reasonable amount of money up to IEEE, this gives us prime reason to plan a New York trip at an affordable price and therefore meet our aims in which we have set.For each trip we go on, we have to organism events on which to visit whilst we were on the trip to make them worthwhile. We asked this question to see not only what activities students would like to participate in but also where they would like to visit within the same question. This particular graph shows the results of where people would like to visit if we were to go on the trip to Paris. The results show that the majority of the people in which we asked would like to go to Chocolate although the other activities in which were asked about had a very popular response as well.The second most popular answer is State De France which is also a very popular attraction. I think that visi ting these areas of Paris would contribute to our aims and objectives within the group well because both of the most popular answers are very good for educational backgrounds and the trip would most definitely be enjoyable. I think that if we were to go to Paris, the prices from the question and results graph above would vary cause of the price of the activities on top of transport; accommodation etc. Loud appear a lot more than EYE. Here we were looking at how much students would be willing to pay if we were to go on the Paris trip. We asked this question so that we could see how much students would be willing to pay and therefore look at how we could afford this price with activities as well. The results show that students would be willing to pay IEEE-IEEE. If we were to choose this trip we would therefore have to keep the price within this price range as not many students would be willing to pay any more.We would also have to look at including the activities in which were chosen in the above graph and including them in the price which would be difficult so we would have to do a lot of research to see what the best strategy would be to overcome this. This question was asked so that we could see how much each student would be willing to pay for each trip if it were to go to Barcelona. The most popular response was IEEE-IEEE. I think that this is a reasonable price to pay for all students and teachers but also it gives us room for negotiation within the trip so as it is quite a lot of money.If we were to go than this amount finally because the other students which answered this said they would pay any more than IEEE. This question was asked so that we could see what activities students would like to participate in if the trip to New York were to go ahead. The most popular answer was Times Square therefore we would look into visiting Times Square if we were to take the trip to New York. To do this we would have to look at the cost in which students would be wil ling to pay for each visit within the place we chose to go and see if Times Square would be an option. Linking back t rap No. , students answered that they would be willing to pay IEEE-IEEE. This gives us enough off range to organism and plan a trip to Times Square. This graph I based on the results that students would be willing to pay for each trip in Berlin. The most popular result from the students was IEEE-IEEE. This is a reasonable price to pay although looking at graph No. L it shows that not as many students would like to go to Berlin compared to New York or Barcelona. Also, looking at graph No. 2, it shows that students would be willing to pay a lot more for a trip further away and also with ore of a reputation.This gives us opportunity to make the trip an experience of a lifetime. The aim of this question on the questionnaire was to get results of what activities students would most likely want to participate in if the trip to Barcelona were to go ahead. The most common re sult based on this question was Non Camp, Poor of Barcelona being the second most popular answer. Looking at graph No. L only around 5 students said that they would rather go to Barcelona over the other three choices therefore it would not be our most popular trip request. Also, looking at graph No. He students were asked how much they would be willing to pay to go to Barcelona and the most popular answer was IEEE-IEEE. This could be a rough asking price for the trip but as Non Camp and Port of Barcelona are well-known tourist attractions, we would have to cater for these swell within the asking price which would boost it up. This graph is mainly relating to graph No. 7. That graph is asking students what they would be willing pay to towards a trip to Berlin, the most popular answer was IEEE- IEEE. This graph shows that 24 students would like to visit Reichstag Dome and the second most popular option being Alex Springer House.This could involve the trip costing more as both of these places are popular tourist attractions. There is a chance that the trip to Berlin and or one of these trips whilst away could cost a lot more than the students are willing to pay for therefore we would have to negotiate the trip payments etc. BMW Motorbike Factory and the Berlin Stock Exchange are alas very popular answers within the results of this question therefore we could look at the prices for each trip in Berlin and see which would be closest to the price in which students would be willing to pay on this trip.Secondary market research The secondary market research below involves us as a group researching the most important information from different websites about each of the trip options available. The research was print screened directly from the website therefore all information is correct and efficient. This print screen states the information in which appropriate place etc. This website could be very useful to use as if offers all the information that we need to make su re we meet our aims and objectives e. G. Health and Safety.This website also sorts and chooses the most suitable accommodation for he needs of the students therefore it would be efficient in helping us to choose the important details within the trip. This screen shot is from European Study Tours which is a very efficient company when dealing with school trips abroad. The website includes all places in which are too available to visit and also enables us to book the trip and accommodation reliably. There is also an option on this website for ‘Educational Visits' therefore we could plan the trip around education and include day trips etc. Ore efficient for this. The website also offers quotes to be given before the rip as well so that we could try and get the closest price to each trip relating to the questionnaire graphs and therefore how much the students are willing to pay to make sure we meet our aims and objectives. The website offers contact details so that we can contact them if we have any UN-answered questions etc. I think that this website looks efficient in booking our trip as they are a reliable company and provide the information possible for making the booking as easy as possible.The screen shot on the left also states that the company advertise discounted school trips and special offers therefore we could use this to our advantage through the company and possibly decrease the price. Here is a screen shot of the Barcelona section within the European study tours website. It states what Barcelona offers for the students. It also has other links to Barcelona educational trips for 6th forms and colleges. On the right of this screen shot the website offers special offers for different options. The website also offers advice on booking trips on the left.I think that the website offers good facilities to book the trips available. This screenings is based on looking at information about Berlin. The website is schools in Europe which is also a well-kn own and reliable company for booking school trips. I think that this website has a lot in favor compared to the screen shot above. This website offers information on day trips and tours etc. On the right therefore giving the students choices. The website also offers different languages and a lot of information on Berlin itself.I think that this would be a suitable website for us to use to book our trip as it is efficient and has all of the information needed to make sure that we have the most efficient trip possible. We I think that the most appropriate website (company) for us to use would be United Airlines. This is because it seems the most efficient out of the ones in which we looked at and also it enables us to look at all of the different options for the trips relating to the questionnaire above. Travel insurance I looked in to finding some research based on travel insurance to see which one most and also at the cheapest price possible.The results are below. This screen shot s hows the research in which we looked in to about travel insurance from www. Directing. Co. UK. The screen shot says what the insurance covers, how to book etc. This particular travel insurance company covers all of the information at the bottom of the screen shot (bullet points). I think that this travel insurance company would be appropriate to cover our trip because it is a well known brand therefore it would be reliable, it covers a lot within the price and also the pricing is reasonable for the amount in which the price covers. This screen shot shows information from Targeted insurance company.This insurance company shows that it offers school travel insurance which is useful to book in numbers as we would do. The screen shot shows what the travel insurance offers which aren't a lot on this site although it looks reliable and covers the main areas of insurance which we would need. Another advantage if we were to use this company would be that we can get a quote online therefore we could chose if this is the right company for us there and then and therefore price up the trip for the students quicker. This screen shot is from Enkindles Travel Insurance. This company also offer school group travel insurance.This covers accidental loss, theft or damage of the group money. The benefits of using this travel insurance company are at the OTTOMH of the screen shot and there are a lot of them which insures us that the company will be reliable for us students going on the trip. You can also get a quote on the first page of the website therefore we can get a quote quickly. The company looks reliable and efficient in insuring they do the best they can at the cheapest price. Here are four travel insurance companies in which we could use and they all give minimal detail about what they offer/cover.Some of them are better than others for example ‘Protect Your Bubble' looks better than ‘LULL Direct' as they offer better over for the insurance which is more suit ed to the students and trips we have the choices to go on. The LULL Direct Company are suited more to the elderly where as the Topped look as though it is more suited to businesses as they speak about trading company insurance. I think that out of these four the most efficient one suited to the needs of our trip and the bases of the trips that we could be going on would be Protect Your Bubble.Coach Comparisons When we planned the organization of the trip we had to plan and see how we would get to the airport and back etc all together. We researched four different coach impasses to see which was cheapest and we got these results. Company Contact number Price (return) Marshall 01 525376077 Souls IEEE(settle) Masons 01296661604 IEEE Cedar 0800731 5105 IEEE Here shows that the cheapest coach traveling company from the four options we chose from is IEEE because although Souls is cheaper at IEEE that was only one way whereas masons are return for a cheaper price.Marshall did not get back to us with a quote therefore we could not state a price in the chart above. Finance for the trip In this part of the assignment I will provide the fixed and variable costs involved in he trip. The fixed costs are costs in which cannot be changed and have to be paid or the trip cannot go ahead, for example the flights and accommodation bills. The variable costs are costs in which can be paid/available but if they are not then it is not going to give any risk towards the trip and it can therefore still go ahead.Variable costs are Variable' to each person. Fixed and variable costs These are the fixed costs involved in the trip in which we go on. The coach is a fixed cost as this needs to pay in order for all students to arrive at the same time and to not be lost. The travel company is a very important fixed cost and needs to be paid in full. This enables the trip to go ahead; the travel company costs cover the accommodation for the trip and the flights. The visas are also very importan t fixed costs as they cover our insurance for the trip.Above are the variable costs within the trip. A variable cost is a cost in which can change from person to person. Spending money is a variable cost because it differs, there is no set cost in which needs to be bought along on the trip, this is up to the individual. Meals are also a variable cost because students are asked to bring their win money for meals therefore they will need the money, yet if they chose not to bring it then they won't be eating on the trip. Souvenirs are also not a necessity it is out of pure choice that students chose to buy souvenirs for others.Fundraising As the cost of the trip in which we go on, including coaches, travel insurance etc. Would cost a lot more than anticipated, there could be a chance in which we would have to ask the students to do some fund raising activities to put some money towards the trip as it could turn out a big sum of money, more than they stated they ere willing to pay on th e questionnaire analysis. The fund raising activities could include outside and inside of school activities involving sports events, year group events, car boots etc.The money in which we raise will go towards the trip but could accommodation. The fund rising may not need to be done but if it does we feel that it is the best way to make the money quickly and also is an achievement. The finance of the trip will be paid in installments, the trip will be held in February when the decisions are finally made as to where we will be going. This will mean that the mount of money in which is needed to pay the fixed costs and the variable costs (if intended) can be paid over the 8 months in which we have until the trip.The cost will be divided in to 8 costs (or as many months as there are until the trip) plus a OHIO deposit to ensure that we have a place on the trip. Finalized trip plan Looking through all of the above research we have decided as a group that we are going to choose to go to N ew York on the trip. We chose this trip above all of the others because we feel that it will benefit the students more also that it is a very exciting once in a life time trip away which students would pay good money to go on. The other main reason in which we chose this trip was because this was the most popular chosen option on the questionnaire analysis chart.The research that we did for New York states those students would be willing to pay around E801E900. This is a reasonable amount to pay for the trip and we think that we could plan and organism a trip around this value of money. The research also states that students would like to visit Times Square, Ground Zero, Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. We have therefore booked these places to visit in New York. We have booked to go to New York using European Study Tours Travel Company as this looked the most efficient and reliable throughout the secondary research.Looking at the coach research, we have chosen to tra vel with Masons to and from the airport as it is cheaper for a return than the other companies offer. Masons are a very reliable coach traveling company therefore we can meet our main aim which is safety for all students. The main details of the trip are below. Where are we going? New York Which travel company are we going with? European Study Tours. This company have planned our accommodation which will be Manhattan Hotel in Times Square (relating back to the visit to Times Square in which students said they would like to visit.They have also arranged for us to fly with United Airlines. Where are we planning to visit whilst in New York? Mustang Harry on 7th Avenue Programmer tour of Financial district stop off at Mooring's Bank Tavern Federal Reserve Ground Zero Liberty & Ellis island ferry Macy's Guided tour Historic Herald Square Location Empire state building Madame Tussahs workshop We have planned these trips based on the questionnaire results and added some ore trips to visit that would make the trip more of an experience.Below is an Itinerary in which we made to show the exact details of the trip and times for parents 17th-21st February Monday 17th February Arrive at London Heathers airport 7. Mama – Check in at United Airlines desk at terminal 10. Mama – Depart London Heathers airport for Newark Liberty Airport – Flight No: AU 28 13. Pm – Arrive at Newark Airport – Skylines – coach transfer to accommodation 3. Pm – Arrive at accommodation 7. Pm – Evening meal in Local restaurant Tuesday 18th February Breakfast – Mustang Harry on 7th Avenue Wednesday 19th FebruaryBreakfast- Mustang Harry Visit Macy's Guided tour Afternoon visit – Empire state building and free time before the evening Thursday 20th February Breakfast – Mustang Harry Visit Madame Tussahs workshop Students given a 45 minute presentation by key members of staff Check out of rooms 2. Pm – meet coach at accomm odation for airport transfer 4. Pm – Check in at United Airlines desk at Newark Liberty airport 7. Pm – Depart Newark Airport for London Heathers on Flight No : CIA 29 Friday 21st February 7. Mama – Arrive at London Heathers Airport Coach from Airport to Cedars Make your own way home from School

First-Grade Science Projects

First-Grade Science Projects First grade is a great time to introduce students to the scientific method, which involves looking at the world around you, coming up with an explanation for what you observe, testing your  hypothesis  to see if it could be valid, and then either accepting or rejecting it. Even at such an early grade level, students can begin to learn concepts related to this method.   Harness Their Curiosity Young children are innately curious about the world around them. Introducing them to the scientific method helps kids begin to explore what they see, hear, taste, and feel in a systematic way. First-grade projects should be interesting to the student and mostly exploratory in nature. At this age, a teacher or parent needs to help plan the project and offer guidance  on a report or poster. Some students may want to make models or perform demonstrations that illustrate scientific concepts. Project Ideas First-grade science offers a wonderful opportunity to explore how things work. Start your first-graders on the road to exploring science fair project ideas with some simple questions that might spark their interest, such as: What type of food attracts the most insects? (You can choose either flies or ants.) What do these foods have in common?In this experiment, students use vinegar to remove the calcium in chicken bones to make them rubbery. Questions for students: What happens to a chicken bone or an egg if you put in vinegar for a day? What would happen after a week? Why do you think it happens?  Do all students in the class have the same size hands and feet? Trace outlines of hands and feet and compare them. Do taller students have larger hands and feet or does height not seem to matter?You can also create a fun science project to determine whether mascaras are really waterproof. Simply put mascara on a sheet of paper and rinse it with water. Ask students to explain what happens. Do eight-hour lipsticks really keep their color that long? You may need to review the  concept of time  with students if they have forgotten or are unfamiliar with hours, minutes, and seconds. Other Project Ideas Spark further interest by suggesting- or assigning- other science fair projects. Asking questions related to each project is the best way to elicit a response from young students. Project-related questions you can ask include: Do clothes take the same length of time to dry if you add a dryer sheet or fabric softener to the load?Do all types of bread grow the same types of mold?Do frozen candles burn at the same rate as candles that were stored at room temperature? All of these questions give you the opportunity to review- or teach- concepts that are important for first-graders. For example, explain to students that  room temperature is a range of  temperatures  that denotes comfortable habitation for people. Talk About Temperature An easy way to demonstrate this idea is to turn up or down the temperature-control gage in the classroom. Ask students what happens when you turn the temperature control up or down. Some other fun projects include letting students figure out if raw eggs and hard-boiled eggs spin the same length of time/number of times, if light affects how fast foods spoil, and if you can tell from todays clouds what tomorrows weather will be. This is a great opportunity to take students outdoors, and as they peer at the sky, discuss the difference in outside temperature compared to inside.

Biography of Jacques Cartier, Early Explorer of Canada

Biography of Jacques Cartier, Early Explorer of Canada Jacques Cartier (December 31, 1491–September 1, 1557) was a French navigator sent by French King Francis I to the New World to find gold and diamonds and a new route to Asia. Cartier explored what became known as Newfoundland, the Magdalen Islands, Prince Edward Island, and the Gaspà © Peninsula, and was the first explorer to map the St. Lawrence River. He claimed what is now Canada for France. Fast Facts: Jacques Cartier Known For: French explorer who gave Canada its nameBorn: Dec. 31, 1491 in Saint-Malo, Brittany, FranceDied: Sept. 1, 1557 in Saint-MaloSpouse: Marie-Catherine des Granches Early Life Jacques Cartier was born on Dec. 31, 1491, in Saint-Malo, a historic French port on the coast of the English Channel. Cartier began to sail as a young man and earned a reputation as a highly-skilled navigator, a talent that would come in handy during his voyages across the Atlantic Ocean. He apparently made at least one voyage to the New World, exploring Brazil, before he led his three major North American voyages. These voyages- all to the St. Lawrence region of what is now Canada- came in 1534, 1535–1536, and 1541–1542. First Voyage In 1534 King  Francis I  of France decided to send an expedition to explore the so-called northern lands of the New World. Francis was hoping the expedition would find precious metals, jewels, spices, and a passage to Asia. Cartier was selected for the commission. With two ships and 61 crewmen, Cartier arrived off the barren shores of Newfoundland just 20 days after setting sail. He wrote, I am rather inclined to believe that this is the land God gave to Cain. The expedition entered what is today known as the Gulf of St. Lawrence by the Strait of Belle Isle, went south along the Magdalen Islands, and reached what are now the provinces of Prince Edward Island and New Brunswick. Going north to the Gaspà © peninsula, he met several hundred Iroquois from their village of Stadacona (now Quebec City), who were there to fish and hunt for seals. He planted a cross on the peninsula to claim the area for France, although he told Chief Donnacona it was just a landmark. The expedition captured two of Chief Donnaconas sons, Domagaya and Taignoagny, to take along as prisoners. They went through the strait separating Anticosti Island from the north shore but did not discover the St. Lawrence River before returning to France. Second Voyage Cartier set out on a larger expedition the next year, with 110 men and three ships adapted for river navigation. Donnaconas sons had told Cartier about the St. Lawrence River and the â€Å"Kingdom of the Saguenay† in an effort, no doubt, to get a trip home, and those became the objectives of the second voyage. The two former captives served as guides for this expedition. After a long sea crossing, the ships entered the Gulf of St. Lawrence and then went up the Canada River, later named the St. Lawrence River. Guided to Stadacona, the expedition decided to spend the winter there. But before winter set in, they traveled up the river to Hochelaga, the site of present-day Montreal. (The name Montreal comes from Mount Royal, a nearby mountain Cartier named for the King of France.) Returning to Stadacona, they faced deteriorating relations with the natives and a severe winter. Nearly a quarter of the crew died of scurvy, although Domagaya saved many men with a remedy made from evergreen bark and twigs. Tensions grew by spring, however, and the French feared being attacked. They seized 12 hostages, including Donnacona, Domagaya, and Taignoagny, and fled for home. Third Voyage Because of his hasty escape, Cartier could only report to the king that untold riches lay farther west and that a great river, said to be 2,000 miles long, possibly led to Asia. These and other reports, including some from the hostages, were so encouraging that King Francis decided on a huge colonizing expedition. He put military officer Jean-Franà §ois de la Rocque, Sieur de Roberval, in charge of the colonization plans, although the actual exploration was left to Cartier. War in Europe and the massive logistics for the colonization effort, including the difficulties of recruiting, slowed Roberval. Cartier, with 1,500 men, arrived in Canada a year ahead of him. His party settled at the bottom of the cliffs of Cap-Rouge, where they built forts. Cartier started a second trip to Hochelaga, but he turned back when he found that the route past the Lachine Rapids was too difficult. On his return, he found the colony under siege from the Stadacona natives. After a difficult winter, Cartier gathered drums filled with what he thought were gold, diamonds, and metal and started to sail for home. But his ships met Robervals fleet with the colonists, who had just arrived in what is now St. Johns, Newfoundland. Roberval ordered Cartier and his men to return to Cap-Rouge, but Cartier ignored the order and sailed for France with his cargo. When he arrived in France, he found that the load was really iron pyrite- also known as fools gold- and quartz. Robervals settlement efforts also failed. He and the colonists returned to France after experiencing one bitter winter. Death and Legacy While he was credited with exploring the St. Lawrence region, Cartiers reputation was tarnished by his harsh dealings with the Iroquois and by his abandoning the incoming colonists as he fled the New World. He returned to Saint-Malo but got no new commissions from the king. He died there on Sept. 1, 1557. Despite his failures, Jacques Cartier is credited as the first European explorer to chart the St. Lawrence River and to explore the Gulf of St. Lawrence. He also discovered Prince Edward Island and built a fort at Stadacona, where Quebec City stands today. And, in addition to providing the name for a mountain that gave birth to Montreal, he gave Canada its name when he misunderstood or misused the Iroquois word for village, kanata, as the name of a much broader area. Sources Jacques Cartier Biography. Biography.com.Jacques Cartier. History.com.Jacques Cartier: French Explorer. Encyclopedia Brittanica.

Article review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Article review - Essay Example Apparently, however, words are what have constantly maintained the remarkable philosophies of conservatives and liberals alike, not their translation into real action. On restating the position of Prof. Tony Judt, T. Sowell observes that agreement with ‘leaving individuals the maximum space with which to live and flourish as desired’ is in keeping with the common idealistic knowledge about liberalism. Originally, the latter pertains to the principle of signifying the right to freedom and equality and most liberals advocate views that are key concepts to facilitate understanding of liberal democracy, constitutionalism, human rights, and fair elections among the relevant fundamental ideas, Justice O.W. Holmes, nonetheless, occurs to have vividly expressed contradiction according to the prevailing truth that natural perception or instinct cannot deny as it takes place. For him, things must be thought of, not words, as if to imply that liberals ought to cease dwelling in the tradition of intellectual endeavor which rather maintains beliefs within abstract realms yet lacks the capacity to exhibit such complex thinking through an actualized form.