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10 Simple Body Language Techniques for Career Success

10 Simple Body Language Techniques for Career Success Dr. Tune Kinsey Gorman, creator of The Silent Language of Leaders: How Body Language Can Help-or Hurt-How You Lead, has 10 extraordinary tips for expanding accomplishment through non-verbal communication: 1. Sit up straight.Good act doesn’t simply intrigue people around you, it can really support the manner in which you feel about yourself.2. Utilize your espresso mug to open up.Believe it or not-an ongoing report at Yale University really presumed that members holding warm refreshments versus cold ones were bound to be confiding in some random association. So except if you’re heading into compensation arrangements and need to drive a hard deal, get a hot mug of espresso and feel increasingly liberal with your colleagues. What's more, perhaps bring one for your boss.3. Synchronized nodding.Stanford University researchers found that groups who moved a similar way were progressively innovative and community oriented. So proceed, reflect your group members’ non-verb al communication; the group that gestures together gets more done.4. Crush left.If you’re a lot in your mind and not depending on the apparatuses you’ve prepared so difficult to assemble, pressing a ball in your left hand can occupy the correct side of the equator of your cerebrum (related with cognizant center) and draw in your left side of the equator (related with programmed engine aptitudes). It works with prepared competitors and could work for you.5. Abstain from resting surly face.Try to loosen up your facial muscles, particularly when focusing or understanding messages. Studies really show that messages can be deciphered as irate in tone when we read them with wrinkled brows.6. Shake shake.We all shake hands after an arrangement is made, yet the Harvard Business School found that shaking before dealings can make for an increasingly impartial exchange.7. Keep your voice on the down low.The bring down your voice, the greater position you order. Have a go at dropp ing your voice when requesting a raise. Specialists at Duke found that a 22 Hz drop can bring about a huge boost in salary, every other factor equal.8. Come into the game warmed up.It takes our minds just 200 milliseconds to decide a person’s passionate state. So warm yourself up before you stroll into the gathering to demonstrate to everybody that you’re at your best. In the event that you please stage as of now in character, nobody will question your performance.9. Include that extra touch.A Cornell University study indicated that clients tipped 2-5% better when their servers reached on the hand or shoulders. Give giving your partner a pat a shot the back and see what happens.10. Utilize your muscles.Muscle fixing has been appeared to build self control. Have a go at fixing your biceps, hands, or calves, and check whether it helps your restraint.

Essay --

Nehal Banik 12-12-13 Period 4 Room 121 The Noble Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address just passes on the thoughts that grows his astuteness of governmental issues and Civil War, and humanizes the individuals who wish to regard the dead that died battling for their nation. Abraham Lincoln, an extraordinary representative, and shrewd pundit, all through his discourse utilizes numerous methods that grip his audience’s consideration and maneuver them into the current situation. His discourse contains different data from all through mankind's history that regards the incredible men that have battled for this nation, and relates to conditions that would have been useful in persuading his crowd. The Gettysburg Address utilizes equal structure that decides the tone of transferring a message of lost officers that battled as far as concerns them in the nation. He is attempting to set up a reason where the Union needs to succeed and can't die before the nation is entire once more. The Gettysburg Address was written in a structure that was intended t o show his crowd what had occurred at Gettysburg; one of the bloodiest and gutting skirmishes of the war; and was intended to pass on his concept of our country, and address the individuals about the harmony and penances that have been made with the goal that the war would arrive at end and the that the countries achievement would not go down futile. The motivation behind his discourse was to revitalize the individuals and spread his plan to the country; to speak to that the thoughts that encompassed the reports composed by the establishing fathers, and not let their impressive passings go futile. In the content, Lincoln starts to state, â€Å"That legislature of the individuals, by the individuals, will not die from the earth.† Lincoln deciphers the ethics once educated by the establishing fathers; government and majority rule government will... ... equal structure not exclusively are spoken to without restriction, yet they were passed on in regarded habits of the viewer’s inclination and were subsequently withstanding. The reason and principle thoughts of the Gettysburg Address was to respect the fearless troopers that faced in the blood conflicts, and complete their undertaking that was not wrapped up. He starts to pressure the significance of freedom and opportunity. He needs the country to be entire again and joined together with the goal that they can improve it for the people in the future. He attempts to pass on a message to everybody that they all have a section in the war and when they understand their activity they can at long last start to push ahead. The Gettysburg Address tells the individuals of America that regardless of whether many are lost, that their particular strategic not completed and there is still a lot to do before opportunity can be depicted by the individuals that live consequently on this landmass. Paper - Nehal Banik 12-12-13 Period 4 Room 121 The Noble Gettysburg Address The Gettysburg Address basically passes on the thoughts that extends his insight of legislative issues and Civil War, and cultivates the individuals who wish to regard the dead that died battling for their nation. Abraham Lincoln, an incredible representative, and insightful pundit, all through his discourse utilizes numerous strategies that grip his audience’s consideration and maneuver them into the current situation. His discourse contains various data from all through mankind's history that regards the extraordinary men that have battled for this nation, and relates to conditions that would have been useful in persuading his crowd. The Gettysburg Address utilizes equal structure that decides the tone of handing-off a message of lost fighters that battled as far as it matters for them in the nation. He is attempting to build up a reason where the Union needs to succeed and can't die before the nation is entire once more. The Gettysburg Address was written in a structure tha t was intended to show his crowd what had occurred at Gettysburg; one of the bloodiest and gutting clashes of the war; and was intended to pass on his concept of our country, and address the individuals about the harmony and penances that have been made with the goal that the war would arrive at end and the that the countries achievement would not go down futile. The reason for his discourse was to revitalize the individuals and spread his plan to the country; to speak to that the thoughts that enclosed the reports composed by the establishing fathers, and not let their overwhelming passings go futile. In the content, Lincoln starts to state, â€Å"That administration of the individuals, by the individuals, will not die from the earth.† Lincoln deciphers the ethics once instructed by the establishing fathers; government and vote based system will... ... equal structure not exclusively are spoken to without limitation, yet they were passed on in regarded habits of the viewer’s predisposition and were along these lines withstanding. The reason and primary thoughts of the Gettysburg Address was to respect the bold officers that took on in the blood conflicts, and complete their undertaking that was not wrapped up. He starts to pressure the significance of freedom and opportunity. He needs the country to be entire again and joined together with the goal that they can improve it for the people in the future. He attempts to pass on a message to everybody that they all have a section in the war and when they understand their activity they can at long last start to push ahead. The Gettysburg Address tells the individuals of America that regardless of whether many are lost, that their particular crucial not completed and there is still a lot to do before opportunity can be depicted by the individuals that live from now on this landmass.

Innovation and Management of Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Advancement and Management of Change - Essay Example The advancement is a consequence of information the executives, esteem chain the executives, client association, appropriation, money, assembling and seriousness. The advancement and changes it acquires the associations can be broke down by a casing work and various models. These are helpful in evaluating the viability of advancement and change. The structure, frameworks, style, aptitudes, staff and shared qualities are the key components in making any association effective. This tells the advancement and change additionally ought to be acquired these components consistently with the goal that they impact each other's tasks decidedly. This encourages the supervisors to address and deal with the troubles presented by changes that are important for long haul advancement of the organization. By and large the inception of the development by pioneers in the directors will prompt disrupt the norms. The affirmation of things to come by the pioneer will include a reason for the organization later on. This includes the venture wide way to deal with business process the board and can expel the hindrances blocking execution of the executives aims. This builds nimbleness and spotlight on the exercises of the business. At the point when hierarchical structure characterizes the system, there is less likelihood for advancement. The advancement and fruitful change is conceivable by it when work characterizes the hierarchical structure. The hierarchical characterized such will be adaptable, porous and liquid. 1 2. Authoritative Culture The present business condition needs inventive strategies in the manner they work. Recognizable proof of work place rehearses that react to the difficulties of development and change is fundamental. If there should arise an occurrence of Fel Pro all the practices are focused on worker government assistance and less on advancement. The authoritative culture has driven the work and work didn't drove the hierarchical culture in the association. In spite of the fact that the organization is excellent in dealing with workers, it needed development underway, items, advertising. Development and alter in positive course will assist the association with creating better employments and better business. In spite of the fact that in 1993 the organization is in acceptable situation, following 10 years, the organization is in a fix to hold its clients who are large makers. In spite of the fact that it has least steady loss pace of the representatives, the organization is confronting the danger of loosing the market for its items. The hesitance of the administration to globalize the organization can be a model for development. The organization is fruitful in utilizing all the assets accessible to create fixed resources that are not valuable to enhance creation like worker diversion and entertainment. Indeed, even the fundamental advances that help to make better occupations and better business results are missing. The organization followed more traditional techniques than the creative changes. The elite of the organization is because of the order and flawlessness in a specific are of the creation and that are has not been improved over the span of time. The staff ought to mean to elite that is creative and changing as indicated by the market needs and changes. The organization has improved the advantages for the workers and representative relations with the administration yet didn't gauge the lessening of the market for gaskets, for which it has aced the creation exercises. H owever

Operations Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 4

Activities Management - Assignment Example It additionally perceives the capability of its rivals and in this manner continues looking into its systems to guarantee that its can accomplish its goals in a solid manner. It has after some time created polices that advance great cultivating rehearses for its makers with a point of guaranteeing that they continually increment their creation capacity, which would consequently affect on the company’s preparing capacity and in the end the gracefully to the market. With such an upgraded system, the organization no uncertainty presents a decent defense concentrate for activity the executives forms. So as to get a diagram focal point of this investigation, it is essential to comprehend what process the executives is about and how existing writing investigates it. A few researchers have seen this procedure as the way where a given strategy is controlled and coordinated with a point of changing contributions to completed merchandise and services(Melao and Pidd,2000).). It has likewise been investigated as the procedure related with creation activity and control of change framework which ingests sources of info and assets and over the long haul produces yields which are named either merchandise or benefits and are fundamental to the clients (Pritchard and Armistead, 1999). From these depictions, it is deducible that activity procedure is fundamentally engaged in creating products or administrations that clients can appreciate. Lin and Pai (2002) attest that tasks the executives manages looking it what assets are required where, how, in what amount and for what reason, just as how t hese assets will affect on the last anticipated item. From the organization diagram given above, it is obvious that the organization has a fairly entangled structure that is altogether divided for simple administration. There are a few associated divisions that attempt explicit undertakings with a point of arriving at the general organization destinations. The procedure chose for

A Russian History Reading List

A Russian History Reading List Every time I start to think I understand Russian history, I remember Tolstoys line in War and Peace: “All we can know is that we know nothing. And thats the height of human wisdom.” Russian history is vast, and complicated, and in light of the state of current foreign affairs and Russias interference in our election, worth at least trying to know something about. But where to start? Id suggest a few works on the background of modern Russian history from the Revolution that ousted tsarist rule, through the Lenin and Stalin periods, then on to the transition to democracy and ending in the Putin era. These are a mix of books I read in political science and history classes while getting an undergrad degree in international studies and more recent releases Ive checked out to try and get a handle on the Russian political sceneâ€"which seems  more important than ever. The Russian Revolution by Sheila Fitzpatrick (2008) This slim volume is a highly readable account of the Russian Revolution that doesnt sacrifice any of the details and extends through Stalins consolidation of power in the 1930s. This serves as a fantastic entry point to Russian politics. The End of Tsarist Russia: The March to World War I and Revolution  by Dominic Lieven (2015) This book examines the Russian Revolution and WWI from a fresh perspective. Lievens approach is exceptionally detailed, while still offering new reasoning and perspective on why history unfolded as it did. A State of Nations: Empire and Nation-making in the Age of Lenin and Stalin  edited byRonald Grigor Suny (2001) This is a  collection of essays that looks at the nationality policy of both Lenin and Stalin. It focuses on minority groups within the Soviet Union and how the Soviet concept of nationality was created, defined, and modified in the early days. Lenins Tomb: The Last Days of the Soviet Empire by David Remnick (1993) This is actually one of my favorite books, ever. (No one said I wasnt a nerd). In it, I first read the words that I return to in moments of despair (in which I find myself often  post-election). The quote is from Mikhail Gorbachev, and it is: while I am breathing, I am hoping. Remnick, who is currently the editor of The New Yorker, won a Pulitzer for the incredible reporting that went into this chronicle of the demise of Soviet Russia. He interviewed peasants and Chernobyl survivors and even Gorbachevs high school girlfriend and a CIA agent who defected to the KGB. Its riveting. First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russias President by Vladimir Putin, Nataliya Gevorkyan, Natalya Timakova, and Andrei Kolesnikov (2000) Lets be honest: this is propaganda, but insightful propaganda. When Putin burst onto the political scene in Russia as Yeltsins named successor, the Russian people and the world knew little about him. This collection of interviews sheds light on his early career and is a must-read for anyone trying to understand the figure that has dominated Russian politics for almost two decades. Russias Unfinished Revolution: Political Change From Gorbachev to Putin by Michael McFaul (2001) This Russian history book offers an insider perspective on the transition from post-Communist institutions and the key economic and political policies of the early Putin years. Darkness at Dawn: The Rise of the Russian Criminal State by David Satter (2004) Even though this is published by a university press, its a very  readable history of the rise of the criminal influence in Russian government following the downfall of the Soviet Union. Satter really uses his understanding of Russian psychology gained by years as the Moscow correspondent for the Wall Street Journal to give insight into what happened and why. Satter has many books on Russia, and those interested in diving deep into the subject matter should explore more. The Man without a Face by Masha Gessen (2012) There are many books that chronicle Putins policies (and crimes), but this one puts them in a more personal context, and is more readable for it. The Red Notice: A True Story of High Finance, Murder, and One Man’s Fight for Justice by Bill Browder (2015) This book uses  the story of a man who tried to investigate the corruption of Russian officials to illustrate the reality of Russian politics. Rather than helping to put the  criminals behind bars, he died in prison. Its as chilling and sinister as any suspense novel of shady dealings, political machinations, and murderâ€"and this one is true, and instead of shocking, it represents business as usual in Russian politics. Putin’s Kleptocracy: Who Owns Russia?  by Karen Dawisha (2014) This book exposes so much of the Putins shadiness it was only published in the US and not in the UK, where libel laws take the burden of proof off the plaintiff. Dawishas book is meticulously researched, and shows how the Russian government became a front for organized crime. If youre thinking, it cant really be THAT corrupt read this and decide for yourself. The Invention of Russia: From Gorbachevs Freedom to Putins War  by  Arkady Ostrovsky (2016) If the parallels between Putin and Trump are alarming to you, this is the book Id recommend you read. Ostrovsky, as a Economist  correspondent, had a front row seat to Russias shift from seemingly embracing democratic, free-market capitalism to embracing rhetoric of a populist nationalism. Putin Country: A Journey into the Real Russia  by  Anne Garrels (2016) Like many recent books (and current bestsellers) probe the rural experience in America, this work looks at the Russia outside of Moscow, the cultural, economic, and political center of the vast country. Garrels visits  Chelyabinsk, a industrial city a thousand miles outside of the capitol, and interviews everyone from upwardly mobile white-collar workers to prostitutes and peasants, painting a picture of all the various subcultures that are not so different from those that populate Middle America. All the Kremlin’s Men by Mikhail Zygar (2016)  This recently published book by the chief editor of the opposition TV station  paints a different picture of how much power and control Putin actually has, and makes readers question who is really behind the strategy, or if there is any strategy at all. These books are just a beginning point to truly understand Russian history and politics, and Im no expert or scholar, just an interested and concerned reader. Do you have suggestions for further reading? Leave them in the comments. Find even more of our Russian book recommendations here. Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles. Thank you for signing up! Keep an eye on your inbox.

Poster Cross Cultural Management Individual Presentation - 1100 Words

Academic Poster: Cross Cultural Management Individual Presentation (Coursework Sample) Content: IMPACT OF NATIONAL CULTURE ON NIKE ADVERTISEMENT STRATEGIESNameCourseProfessors NameInstitutionLocation of InstitutionDateImpact of National Culture National culture is vastly growing in popularity among the multinational corporations.Businesses are exposed to the influences that come along with national culture and are, therefore, prompted to streamline their marketing strategies (Harper, 2015). The implications brought about by national culture have acquired a new dimension. Globalization has forced the marketing managers to adopt models that would shape the products to match the customer needs and the environment. National culture has, in turn, become an integral field in the marketing arena. The success of most international organizations is closely tied to how they handle culture (Subotic and Zarakol, 2013, p.927). The impact of national culture stretches far beyond marketing strategies. It is also associated with various interrelated marketing disciplines such as online marketing as well as consumer behavior analytics (Dahl, 2004). This paper is set to examine in how national culture has impacted the manner in which Nike is promoted in several countries across the world. It also addresses the ways in which Nike can use to its advantage the cultural factors realized in the development and progressive implementation of the present marketing strategies in the international market.MethodsThe study also utilized used an archival research to determine the various advertisements dispatched by Nike to different locations. Furthermore, it applied deductive reasoning to interpret specific ads based on the existing theories, particularly Hofstede dimensions of national culture. The samples for advertisement were retrieved from internet research. The study managed to collect several advertisements representing different regions as archived in Nike's official website among other sites containing a gallery of ads. Some of the material used included adv ertisements from the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and South Korea. ResultsAd 1: Obese Boy Running (United States) This is an ad with an obese young boy running on the road, on a Nike advert titled Find Your Greatness. One can deduce that the ad seeks to show that what one may view as a challenge to greatness, is not an obstacle. Obesity is a clear challenge to athleticism, and thus the using the obese boy depicts that one can beat obesity by trying to keep fit. Obesity is a national disaster in the U.S. and Americans have with time adopted a culture of taking measures to prevent it.Ad 2: Kim Yu-Na Nike Ad (South Korea) This is an ad by Kim Yuna, a celebrated athlete in South Korea, promoting Nike sportswear in South Korea and the East Asia. The athlete appears to be engaging tying her shoes in preparation for an exercise or game. She is a celebrated athlete in South Korea, and thus, most consumers in the region can relate with the advertisement.Ad 3: Oscar Pistorius Nike (South Africa) This ad has Oscar Pistorius who is a celebrated athlete in South Africa. The ad is tagged with Nikes slogan. Oscar Pistorius being a celebrity makes it easy to popularize the product in the region.DiscussionThe research utilizes various concepts, particularly Hofstede notions of culture, to analyze the different strategies that Nike uses to promote its brand in disparate regions. Individualism/collectivism America is largely individualistic. As such, most advertisements would tend to realign to such a culture. In Ad 1, the company uses an individual instead of a group. It also uses a boy instead of a girl. This ad is, therefore, aimed at satisfying a personal need which in this case is overcoming obesity.Masculinity/Feminity Notably, South Korea is considered a feminine society and thus, some of the social norms that it underpins includes quality of life (De Mooij, 2013). Ad 2 which targets the South Korean market has a female celebrity instead of a man. The me ssage is appropriate for a feminine society. On the other hand, the South African and American ad uses male participants probably because both countries have masculine cultures. Power Distance Impact on Advertising StrategiesPower distance defines the rights and duties of individuals. Those in positions of power determine the direction to be followed. Power distance influences the decisions made by consumers (SchÃ'Å'tte, and Ciarlante, 2016). In African nations, power and authority are associated with age. Power distances have an impact on how communications are made. The successful usage of celebrity in marketing shows the amount of power and influence that they have. The endorsement of African celebrities in the promotion of international businesses is rampant in Africa as illustrated by Ad 3. Consequently, the Nike ad targeting the South African has a male celebrity athlete. It depicts the business consideration of the nations culture (Arend, 2015). Long-Term Orientation on Marke ting Strategies Long-term orientation defines whether individuals seek long-term outcome of issues or dwell on the immediate. Despite other consumers opting to have immediate benefits of a product, other prefers gaining from it in the future only if it proves to be the best in the long run. Bowen and James (1986) came up with a notion that as long as the client feels that they are parting with the right amount of money, their degree of loyalty does not interfere with aim anyway. South Korea has one of the strongest scores for long-term orientation. They are keen to observing traditions that have for decades (SchÃ'Å'tte Ciarlante, 2016). The ad is thus influenced by the Korean culture to depict that the company is out to serve the country for a prolonged period. Conversely, the US has a very low score for long-term orientation. Individuals have short-term goals, and so businesses are expected to follow suit. Ad 1 depicts an example of a person with short term goals. The boy has an interim goal of reducing his weight through exercising. Nike, in turns, promises to help one reach the target.Language Impact on Marketing StrategiesCulture is often linked to language. It shows the identification of a particular culture in the nation the organization exists (Moran, Abr...

`` Thou Shalt Never Surprise `` - 973 Words

Intro: what colleagues have said, we are global etc, direct communication ## Thou Shalt never surprise: When it comes to major problems, whether it be in a company or global news, ideally, nothing should come as a surprise, but when your economy is being affected by another country or an external occurrence that is out of your control, it becomes increasingly difficult to predict problems. ## Does â€Å"Black Monday† ring a bell to anyone? On August 24th, the Chinese government depreciated their currency which cause major panic in stock markets across the world. Within minutes after the opening bell, the Dow plummeted 1,089 points. That is the largest point loss ever during a trading day, surpassing the Flash Crash of 2010. Imagine you are one of the main trading companies in a dominant country such as the US. How are you supposed to react to this? Well, the US trading companies did the right thing. They were swift about conveying the news to the country, and to stockholders. The drastic decline in stock markets on August 24th was a major problem and which impacted everyone across the world. ## Thou shalt never hide the facts: Similar to internal communication, when delivering bad news that affects the world, only the facts should be stated. Assumptions should be left out as opinions can make situations worse, for example, by creating panic. This is a tweet by: Lawrence H. Summers is a Charles W. Eliot who is a Professor and the President Emeritus at Harvard. SecretaryShow MoreRelated William Blake and The Garden of Love Essay1531 Words   |  7 Pagesdecorating, to writing, will usually agree that one must build on a solid simple foundation, and then add elements of surprise, to create a memorable work. 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A Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen - 1444 Words

Ibsen s concerns about the physical and mental oppression of women by male dominance are brought to life in â€Å"A Doll s House†. Through the characterisation of male dominance Ibsen expresses the view that all women possess the right to develop their own individuality, but in â€Å"A Doll’s House† the reality is that their role was often sacrificial. During the late 19th century, when the events of â€Å"A Doll’s House† unfold, women were not treated as equals with men, either in relation to their husbands or society. Torvald’s egotistical fear that his employees would think his wife influenced him is evident in the following quote, â€Å"Everyone at the bank knows I’ve sacked him. If it comes out that that the new manager changes his mind when his wife demands it-†¦... I’d be the laughing stock†. Women could not conduct business or control their own money, for which they needed the authorization of men, whether t hat was husbands, brothers or fathers. Moreover, they were not educated for responsibility. Nora suffers from both of these inequalities, firstly by taking out a loan without the authority of her husband, and secondly by believing, out of naivety and ignorance of the world, that she could forge a signature and be absolved of the consequences of her actions. Throughout the text Ibsen implements specific characterisation in an effort to effectively comment on the effects of male dominance. It is evident that Nora and Torvald represent the stereotypical ideals of male dominanceShow MoreRelatedHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House1563 Words   |  7 Pages In the play, A Doll House by Henrik Ibsen, the title itself symbolizes the dependent and degraded role of the wife within traditional marriages. Ibsen portrayed the generous nature root into women by society, as well as the significant action of this nature, and lastly the need for them to find their own voice in a world ruled by men. Ibsen wrote this play in 1879, this is the era where women were obedient to men, tend the children until their husband came home, and stood by the Cult of DomesticityRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"A Doll, a Partner, and a Change† Social movement of women liberation toward equal rights and independence has been a big subject in human history. It happens not only in Europe but also all over the world. Though making progress, this movement has been advancing slowly and encountered backslashes from time to time. Maybe there is something deeply hidden which the society has not figured out yet, even women themselves. What do women want, freedom or good life? Most of the time, they are notRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1291 Words   |  6 Pages A Doll s House by Henrik Ibsen, is a play that has been written to withstand all time. In this play Ibsen highlights the importance of women’s rights. During the time period of the play these rights were neglected. Ibsen depicts the role of the woman was to stay at home, raise the children and attend to her husband during the 19th century. Nora is the woman in A Doll House who plays is portrayed as a victim. Michael Meyers said of Henrik Ibsen s plays: The common denominator in many of IbsenRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1288 Words   |  6 Pages Henrik Ibsen’s A Doll’s House is based in the Victorian society of the 19th century. It assesses the many struggles and hardships that women faced because of marriage â€Å"laws† that were crucial during that time period. The society was male- dominated with no equality. Nora is the protagonist in A Doll’s House and the wife of a man named Torvald. This play is about Nora’s voyage to recognizing her self- determination and independence. She transforms from a traditional, reserved woman to a new, independentRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1298 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"There is beauty in truth, even if it s painful. Those who lie, twist life so that it looks tasty to the lazy, brilliant to the ignorant, and powerful to the weak. But lies only strengthen our defects. They don t teach anything, help anything, fix anything or cure anything. Nor do they develop one s character, one s mind, one s heart or one s soul.† (Josà © N. Harris). Nora Helmer’s choice to lie and deceive is inappropriate and wrong for women to do to her husband during this time period; itRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1037 Words   |  5 PagesHenrik Ibsen s A Doll s House is a work of literature genius. This three-act play involves many literary technics that are undermined by the average reader such as the fact that the plot shows the main characters Torvald and his wife Nora live the perfect life. An ironic paradox based around the fact that Nora and Torvald’s relationship is the complete opposite of perfect. Also, bringing upon a conflict as well, appearance versus reality. These little hidden meanings within stories are what areRead MoreHenrik Ibsen s A Doll House Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesHenrik Ibsen’s play â€Å"A Doll House† was set in the Victorian era, a time where women were highly respected. Women in this time period did not work, they had nannies to take care of their children and maids to take care of their homes. Many women had no real responsibilities, they spent their time having tea parties and socializing with their friends. Henrik Ibsen dared to show the realism of the Victorian era while everyone else would only focus on the romantic aspect. In the play, â€Å"A Doll House†Read MoreA Doll s House : Henrik Ibsen962 Words   |  4 PagesDrama Analysis A Doll’s House (Henrik Ibsen) And Trifles (Susan Glaspell) In comparing both dramas, the overwhelming aspect of convergence between both is the open discussion of gender identity. Both dramas make similar points about what it means to be a woman. Modern society in both dramas is constructed with men holding power over women. This is seen in Trifles in how men like George Henderson and Mr. Hale are myopic. The premise of the drama is how women worry over trifles, and the dismissiveRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen1421 Words   |  6 PagesIn A Doll’s House, Henrik Ibsen examines conventional roles of men and women in the nineteenth century. In the play, Nora exemplifies the conventional feminine standard during that period. She seems to be powerless and confines herself through high standard expectations, demonstrating what the role of a women would be as a wife and mother. The protagonist of A Doll’s House is a woman named Nora Helmer. Ibsen shows how Nora’s design of perfect life gradually transforms when her sec ret unravels. InRead MoreA Doll s House By Henrik Ibsen876 Words   |  4 PagesA Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen A Doll’s House takes place in the home of Torvald and Nora Helmer. Through conversation with Nora’s good friend Kristine Linde it is revealed that Mr. Helmer was ill around the same time Nora’s father died. Luckily Nora’s father left her enough money that Torvald and Nora could go on a life saving trip to Italy. But the truth comes out when we find out Nora’s father did not leave her a penny. We find out that Nora got a hold of the money through a loan but she signed

Making Small Talk for English Learners

The ability to make small talk is highly valued. In fact, many English students are more interested in making effective small talk than knowing correct grammar structures — and rightly so! Small talk gets friendships started and breaks the ice before important business meetings and other events. What Is Small Talk? Small talk is pleasant conversation about common interests. Why Is Small Talk Difficult for Some English Learners? First of all, making small talk is not difficult only for English learners, but also for many native speakers of English. However, small talk can be especially difficult for some learners because making small talk means talking about almost anything — and that means having a wide vocabulary that can cover most topics. Most English learners have excellent vocabulary in specific areas, but may have difficulties discussing topics they are unfamiliar with because of a lack of appropriate vocabulary. This lack of vocabulary leads to some students blocking. They slow down or stop speaking completely because of a lack of self-confidence. How to Improve Small Talk Skills Now that we understand the problem, the next step is to improve the situation. Here are some tips to improve small talk skills. Of course, making effective small talk means lots of practice, but keeping these tips in mind should improve overall conversational skills. Do Some Research​ Spend time on the internet, reading magazines, or watching TV specials about the type of people you are going to meet. For example, if you are taking a class with students from other countries, take time after the first few days of class to do some research. They will appreciate your effort and your conversations will be much more interesting. Stay Away From Religion or Strong Political Beliefs While you may believe in something very strongly, beginning conversations and making small talk about your own personal convictions may abruptly end the conversation. Keep it light, dont try to convince the other person that you have the correct information about a higher being, political system, or other belief system. Use the Internet to Gain Specific Vocabulary​ This is related to doing research about other people. If you have a business gathering  or are meeting people who share a common interest (a basketball team, a tour group interested in art, etc.), take advantage of the internet to learn specific vocabulary. Almost all businesses and interest groups have glossaries on the internet explaining the most important jargon related to their business or activity. Ask Yourself About Your Culture​ Take time to make a list of common interests that are discussed when making small talk in your own culture. You can do this in your own language, but check to make sure that you have the English vocabulary to make small talk about those subjects. Find Common Interests​ Once you have a subject that interests both of you, keep to it! You can do this in a number of ways: talking about travel, talking about the school or friend you have in common, talking about the differences between your culture and the new culture (just be careful to make comparisons and not judgments, e.g., The food in our country is better than the food here in England). Listen This is very important. Dont get so worried about being able to communicate that you dont listen. Listening carefully will help you understand and encourage those speaking to you. You might be nervous, but letting others state their opinions will improve the quality of the discussion — and give you time to think of an answer! Common Small Talk Subjects Here is a list of common small talk subjects. If you have difficulties speaking about any of these topics, try to improve your vocabulary by using the resources available to you (Internet, magazines, teachers at school, etc.) Sports - current matches or games, favorite teams, etc.HobbiesWeather - boring, but can get the ball rolling!Family - general questions, not questions about private mattersMedia - films, books, magazines, etc.Holidays - where, when, etc. but NOT how much!Home town - where do you come from, how is it different/similar to this townJob - once again, general questions not too specificLatest fashion and trendsCelebrities - any gossip you may have! Here is a list of topics that probably arent very good for small talk. Of course, if you are meeting a close friend these topics may be excellent. Just remember that small talk is generally discussion with people you dont know very well. Salary - how much do you make? - Thats none of your business!Politics - wait until you get to know the person betterIntimate relationships - only for you and your partner, or maybe your best friendReligion - tolerance is the key!Death - we need to face it, but not the first time we meet someone newFinancial - related to salary above, most people prefer to keep financial information to themselvesSales - Dont try to sell something to someone you have just met.

A Reflective Paper On Business Ethics - 1966 Words

BUSINESS ETHICS Introduction A reflective piece of paper is an essay that has been written with an aim of reflecting essential elements of professional life. It enhances the capacity of evaluating the current knowledge and to understand and accept personal strengths and weaknesses. Reflective writing improves the writer’s critical thinking skills. In this paper, I will handle three different reflective pieces as to why a business ought to be concerned about their social sustainability, how the lack of cultural understanding might impede a professional career and the last aspect is on the relevance of ethics in the professional life. Social sustainability is the maintenance of the external and internal factors of the business. Quite some firms have been found guilty of neglecting this aspect of social sustainability. This factor is important in the growth of an all round business. Several factors are included in the circle of sustainability that is the economics, politics, culture and ecology. The economics factor it revolves around the internal business activities they include the labor and welfare, consumption and usage, technology and infrastructure. Politics are the rules that have been set aside to govern that particular industry. The business can be in line with the rules or against the rules. In the politics factor, it involves the organization and governance, law and justice, communication and movement, representation and negotiation, security and accord, dialogueShow MoreRelatedInternational And World Trade Law1139 Words   |  5 Pagesand World Trade Law - Counterfeiting This reflective paper will address several issues associated with international and world trade law as they pertain to counterfeiting and discussing the connections between business, law, politics and ethics with regard to counterfeiting. First, it will discuss the legal and ethical issues related to boycotting goods from other countries, as well as the practical business implications of such a move. Next, this paper will analyze the problem of World Trade OrganizationRead MoreEssay on EDU701 COURSE1519 Words   |  7 PagesTowards the Millennium Development Goals. Brasilia: Ayrton Semne Institute. Ministry of Education Malaysia (2001), Education in Malaysia: Journey to Excellence, Kuala Lumpur. Mohamed, Mahathir (1991), Malaysia: The Way Forward. Paper presented at the Malaysian Business Council. Nisbitt, J. and Baurdene, P. (2000), Megatrends, Aron Book. Selected articles from academic journals. Course Description This course discusses the philosophy and foundation of human development and education.Read MoreLiterature Review : The Class Collage By Jeff Sommers1503 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscourse community. Scholarly articles that are published in a professional community are quite similar to scholarly articles that are not published in a professional community. â€Å"The Class Collage† by Jeff Sommers is an article that’s about the reflective writing process of students as they transfer knowledge through their writing experience. â€Å"Sweatshops, Choice, and exploitation† by Matt Zwolinski is about the ethical questions that are raised about the moral claim of the conditions in sweatshopRead MoreReflective Paper : Healing Justice1392 Words   |  6 Pages Reflective Paper: Healing Justice As per viewing the video â€Å"Healing Justice† they interaction between the punishment justice system and the healing system have two very distinct opinion and methods. The first nation view if someone changes their ways negatively they cause find their way back. As far as the legal justice system they believe, â€Å"if you did the crime you do the time†. In order to be able to have a full understanding of why the aboriginal push the issue of a holist’s justice, we firstRead MoreRole Of An Inculcative Bellwether As An Ethical Role Model, Decision Maker, And Pedagogia914 Words   |  4 Pages Introduction This paper will fixate on the role and responsibilities of an inculcative bellwether as an ethical role model, decision-maker, and pedagogia. The paper will provide participants with an overview of current ethical issues for learning communities. We will have an opportunity to analyze and develop their decision-making skills within the context of an ethical and moral framework through the utilization of case studies and a quandary-predicated approach to learning. When a person is inRead MoreThe Issue Of Legal Issues914 Words   |  4 Pages1999). This can be detrimental to project success and the organization future business and reputation. Ethical Dilemma Looking at the trends within the American organizations that have conducted unethical behavior there could be a relationship between how the leadership conduct themselves and how the employees act. The culture within the organization can shape how employees think and act (Taylor, et al., 2014). Business Leaders must establish the culture through clear guidelines and setting the exampleRead MoreEssay about Ethics in International Business1657 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics in International Business Abstract International business ethics challenges the corporate world to deal with questions of what to do in situations where ethical standards come into conflict as a result of the different cultural practices in the nation. Since, there is this dilemma that has progressively troubled the large multinational corporations, international business ethics has arisen to help address these adhesive subject matters. There are several international business ethicsRead MoreImplementing an Applied Ethics Course at The University of Tampa1506 Words   |  6 PagesWhen pursuing a college degree, ethics is tailored to the course being taught, i.e. Accounting, Finance, and Economics to name a few. Ethics does not appear to be offered as a separate required course for all disciplines, which raises such questions as, is there a need for an ethics course? Do students know enough about ethics for ethical thinking and action? Ethics encompasses a set of principles, philosophy, or theory relating to princi ples. Knowing how to best resolve difficult ethical dilemmasRead MoreReflective Practice in Teaching Essay2957 Words   |  12 PagesReflective Practice in the context of teaching ESOL Reflective practice engages practitioners in a continuous cycle of self-observation and self-evaluation in order to understand their own actions and the reactions they prompt in themselves and in learners (Brookfield, 1995; Thiel, 1999). Reflective practice is considered as an evolving concept which views learning as â€Å"an active process of reviewing an experience of practice in order to describe, analyse, evaluate and so inform learning aboutRead MoreNotes: The Accountants Role in the Organization10418 Words   |  42 Pagesa whole C) reports information that has occurred in the past that is verifiable and reliable D) provides information that is generally available only on a quarterly or annual basis Answer: A Diff: 2 Terms: treasury Objective: 1 AACSB: Reflective thinking 2) Managers use management accounting information to ________ strategy. A) choose B) communicate C) implement D) All of these answers are correct. Answer: D Diff: 1 Terms: total quality management (TQM) Objective: 1 AACSB:

Walmart Essay Free Essays

Alex Manco Professor McEachern English 112 30 September 2011 To the Zoning Board of Trumbull, The Wal-Mart The modern day market has taken some interesting turns with innovations such as the television, the car, and internet. While the moral values of such turns has always been in question, it is no question that every major corporation has taken efficiency to a new level. Corporations like McDonalds, GE, and Bank of America have completely dominated the market with not only their vast resources and effective marketing systems, but by people simply knowing they exist. We will write a custom essay sample on Walmart Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now While most of these businesses have not gotten much more powerful in past decade due to government regulation of competition, there is one business that continues to grow at a dangerous rate: Wal-Mart. It has now become apparent that its growth has reached Trumbull, Connecticut and in no way should a Wal-Mart be built in our community. It is not even a matter of the problems our town would face as much as it is a moral wrong to the world as a whole. Wal-Mart may be â€Å"legal† in our â€Å"free-market† economy, but economics are never that simple and must be treated very carefully. It would not only ruin businesses in the area, but exercise the power of corporations whose business tactics seem unstoppable to modern regulation. The Wal-Mart is not only store, but an inevitable business tactic that will decimate the economy in both the short and long term. Wal-Mart’s rise to power is interesting and uncomforting in how quickly it flourished. The first store was opened in 1962 by Sam Walton in Rogers, Arkansas. By 1970, there were 38 stores, and by 1975, there were 125. In 1983, Wal-Mart had made its eighth year in a row as Forbes Magazine’s 1# retailer. In 1985, 882 stores had already been built, and in the next 10 years would reach a stunning 1,995 stores. Currently, there are 8,970 Wal-Marts; an average of 50 a state, and this number continues to grow. The story of Wal-Mart is truly nothing short of business success story, but the speed of its success is slightly unnerving. So what do you think would be the result of building this Wal-Mart in town? I suppose it would open maybe around 60 jobs tops in town, but a majority of the jobs would be minimum wage jobs. Raising the employment rate of your town has nothing to do with the actual quality of the town, and that’s saying that all the people hired come from our town. Also, studies have shown that Wal-Mart generally pay their employees 25-28% less than other retail/grocery stores (Dube, Lester Eidlin 559). Maybe teenagers will have a bit more money, but the jobs that Wal-Mart creates have little impact on the flow of money. In fact, building a Wal-Mart would only hurt the flow of money in our town. All of the surrounding businesses will not be able to compete. Retail prices typically drop by 1 to 1. % the moment a Wal-Mart opens (Dube, Lester Eidlin 562). Local grocery stores like Poricelli’s and Plasko’s can not be expected to compete with a business of such power. If small businesses fall to this Wal-Mart, then the unemployment rate will probably just about balance out with jobs your Wal-Mart will have created. This will destroy the peaceful, small town feel of Trum bull, and replace it with room for corporate siege. Our town would be quite different if we allowed this, but it would also support an economic movement that could tear our economy apart. One thing that must be understood in order to understand the entire threat of Wal-Mart is the causes and effects of a monopoly. The definition of a monopoly by the Merriam-Webster dictionary is, â€Å"Exclusive ownership through legal privilege, command of supply, or concerted action. † Monopolies can be held upon anything, but typically the term refers to a corporations hold on one particular industry. This was more of a problem preceding the great depression. Old corporations such as Standard Oil, U. S. Steel, and at the time GE held what is called a coercive monopoly, which is an absolute hold that can for the most part, can not be beaten without government intervention. These old corporations would dominate by not only controlling their market, but the markets of the related goods and means of production. For example, U. S. Steel would have powerful holds in the railroads so that they may transport there steel to cities free of charge. With such control, the industries were free of competition being that they had the means to set the standard for prices. Some would argue that this is good for an economy because it keeps prices at an all time low, but this typically lowers the quality of the goods they are selling as well as maintain low wages for workers being there very few places of work when one company controls it all. Nowadays, the government has precautions to prevent such dominating businessmen, but the economic order that is currently in place of the monopoly system, is not all that better. The type of economic system the U. S. currently has is called a monopolistic competition. In order for the U. S. government to deal with monopolies, they had made it illegal to hold such power in one business. Businesses, such as standard oil, were forced to break up into many different businesses so that they may compete with each other. This keeps the market ever changing and not stagnant, allowing for more free choice in a capitalist economy. Now even though there is no â€Å"super power† of the market, there still are businesses that are significantly more powerful forces than others. This is what defines our monopolistic competition of our economy. It is an economy generally guided by larger corporations, but are not so powerful that they snuff out any smaller business below them. So while we have been able to make the â€Å"free market† as â€Å"free† as possible, there is still very much so a hierarchy. Wal-Mart sells everything cheaper than everyone. It has a hold not only over one market, but many. Therefore if factors are left unchanged, Wal-Mart would win the game of capitalism. These factors, as of now, are unchanged. First, Wal-Mart simply needs to be everywhere. With 50 Wal-Marts a state and growing, that goal has clearly been reached. Their numbers are only increasing, this way in the future, anyone can reach a Wal-Mart. This also keeps their employment up. The more jobs they give out, the more control of the standard of wages they have. It also is good for publicity. Second, they need to maintain their influence on the media, other businesses, and government. Commercials and internet make keeping up appearances in media more than easy. Same with other businesses being that they need only to market their products. Government though is trickier, but they exercised this strength of theirs fairly recently. Since 1998, a campaign of women has been trying to sue Wal-Mart for wrongful discrimination. More than 100 women have been trying to attack the corporation for many individual accounts of discrimination and finally made it to the Supreme Court in June 2011. Unfortunately, the court ruled in favor of Wal-Mart due to that these individual accounts have nothing to do with the corporation as a whole. This ruling shows that corporations are not held in contempt for the acts of their employees, which makes little to no sense. While this does not quite mean Wal-Mart is above the law, it still shows the type of influence they can hold in the law if need be. Although, even with this power, they can not hold absolute market control unless they maintain the lack of competition. Luckily, Wal-Mart still has competition, especially with those who find shopping their morally wrong, but this lack of competition may soon be at hand. The current debt crisis is continuing out of control, and nobody knows where it is quite going yet, but the outcome that is feared more is a depression. With a depression, many businesses, big and small, will fall and the economy will be an empty husk. The only people who will seem unscathed in the mist of this chaos are the massive businesses, or Wal-Mart. They will have the resources to conquer an economy that has been wiped clean. Therefore, if there were on in Trumbull during such harsh times, it would be near impossible to open any new business in the area. Without new businesses, an economy is very hard to rebuild, especially on a local level. More importantly, in a time a crises, one of the last things you want is for a majority of the wealth to go to one place as history demonstrates. Having such an economic power exist in such fragile times is perhaps the most danger we have been in for decades. As you can see, it is not very difficult for Wal-Mart to become dangerous, but what does this contrast? Why it contrasts the support for small business. Small businesses create a self sustaining system for the area, rather than an area’s income being controlled by corporate conglomerates. The only problem with this is the system of economics. If a small business is successful, it is inevitable it becomes a big business, which could lead to another company to big for our own good. This is a cycle that must happen as a result of capitalism. If we are expected to have such a free moving economic system, we must learn to be responsible with our economy, and not allow businesses, such as Wal-Mart, to spread as rapidly as they do. This is a lesson that will be learned the hard way if a Wal-Mart is built. Wal-Mart is the product of a capitalist economy. While it is simply good usiness, is an example of the inevitability of monopolies in a free market system. Thankfully, we have regulations to hold them back, but you can not count on the government to control the market for you. People need to see this pattern and realize that you can not fall into the lock step of a consumer. Every Wal-Mart that is built just increases the risk of economic domination, and we can not contribu te to this. It may be small in scale to the power they already hold, but every movement starts with a step. I hope you see the risk you take in considering this decision. Work Cited Andrew Beatie. â€Å"A History of US Monopolies. † Investopedia. November 21, 2010. http://www. investopedia. com/articles/economics/08/hammer-antitrust. asp Lila Shapiro. â€Å"Walmart: Too Big To Sue. † The Huffington Post. June 20, 2011. http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2011/06/20/walmart-too-big-to-sue_n_880930. html â€Å"History Timeline† Walmart Stores. http://walmartstores. com/aboutus/7603. aspx John D. Ramage, John C. Bean, and June Johnson. Writing Arguments: A Rhetoric With Readings. â€Å"Monopolistic Competition† Basic Economics. http://www. basiceconomics. info/monopolistic-competition. php How to cite Walmart Essay, Essay examples

Is Lazarillo de Tormes a Subversive Text free essay sample

The word ‘subversion’ is defined as â€Å"a systematic attempt to undermine, overthrow or cause the destruction of an established or legally constituted government or political system. † 1 Lazarillo de Tormes is thought to have been written during 16th century Spain, a time of oppression and exploitation of the lower classes, when survival would often only be rewarded to the most cunning, the slyest and the sharpest of people. In this age, the church reigned, the Spanish Inquisition enforcing the morals and ideals of the Catholic church under the jurisdiction of the Castille-Aragon monarchy. Lazarillo is often accredited as being the basis for the first modern novel and although some may assert that it was written solely with the intention of being a humorous book, I will argue that it is a perfect example of a subversive text. Though oblique, it maintains characteristics stereotypical of subversive literature; such as the use of parody and euphemism to demean the authority of recognised figures 2; in the case of Lazarillo, the church and aristocracy; and the use of self-denunciation as a rhetorical device to allow the anonymous author to subtly manipulate the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Is Lazarillo de Tormes a Subversive Text? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The content itself is controversial in the way that it shows the less appreciated sides of humanity and illustrates the instability of society and the frivolity of humanity on a whole 3, all the while openly criticizing the church and the notion of honour throughout the ranks of Spanish nobility. Another characteristic of subversive literature is the integration of folkloric and mythical elements into the text 4, a recurring factor in Lazarillo. Ignoring the fact that it is proposed to be both a literary and socially subversive text, considering the status quo in regards to the genre of writing at the time, Lazarillo de Tormes is also literally subversive in the way that it doesn’t conform to the accepted ‘exempla’ genre that was popular back then. We see on multiple occasions in Lazarillo a tendency towards euphemism as a means to deploy underhand comments and subtle hints of resentment towards the institution of the Church and the system of nobility in 16th century Spain. This greatly lends aid to the overall subversiveness of the text and allows the author to convey his contempt for the system without being overly heretical. For example, in the fourth episode, when speaking of his time spent with the Friar, Lazaro relates to us how the Friar didn’t like spending time in the convent, preferring to make personal visits and walk outside and because of this, had ‘broken more shoes’ in the convent than any other. â€Å"Tanto, que pienso que rompia el mas zapatos que todo el convento. 5. This ‘breaking of the shoes’ could easily have been seen in context when taking into consideration the period as a euphemism for having sex with virgins. This alone would have been scandalous as he is a Friar, and has taken an oath of celibacy. However, when recounting that the Friar was housed in a convent, it is unlikely that there would have been a significant amount of virgins waiting around for him to partake in such activities with, which leads us to consider further the use of the verb ‘romper’. Romper’, literally ‘to break’ is a rather violent verb to use in reference to standard heterosexual sex, and when considering that Lazaro also was given a pair of ‘shoes’, perhaps it would be more logical for us to take its meaning as sodomy. We can confirm this when he goes on to mention how he couldn’t put up with the Friar’s â€Å"trote† 6 any longer. This is also supported by short, curt and ambiguous manner in which he speaks of his time with the Friar and sheds light on what kind of ‘small things’ he might have been referring to when saying; â€Å"y por otras cosillas que no digo,† 7. This euphemism is not merely subverting the Friar, but the whole of the convent, as he uses them as an example in comparison; â€Å"mas[†¦]que todo el convento. † 8, therefore implying that the participation in such activities was not an uncommon thing. Another subversive device used by the anonymous author, is the use of self-denunciation as a tool to humble himself in the prologue of the novella. â€Å"que confesando yo no ser mas santo que mis vecinos, de esta nonada, que en este grosero estilo escribo,† 9 In this excerpt, Lazaro uses a technique called ‘captatio benevolentiale’ (lit. capture the benevolence of your audience)10 to make himself seem modest in his writing. He describes himself as not being of holy character, his writing style as being grosero’ and his actual writing as being a â€Å"little bit of nothingness†. This is the beginning of a string of rhetoric that will subvert the audience into pitying him for his misfortune and forgiving his numerous faults. Another point to consider is that throughout the novella, satire is used as a method of openly criticizing both the church and the Spanish aristocracy. An example of this can be seen in the Tercero Tratado, during Lazaro’s time spent with the Squire, when the Squire parades around in his only clothes, speaking of honour and status despite the fact that he is impoverished. The effect is that he sounds a fool and the concept of nobility, considered so important in 16th century Spain is undermined. â€Å"! Grandes secretos son, Senor, los que vos haceis y las gentes ignoran! †11 This controversy is fitting of a piece of subversive literature, and only rests to convince me further that Lazarillo is exactly that. In conclusion, I firmly believe that Lazarillo de Tormes is a subversive text because by the end of the book, the reader will have been subverted. It is manipulative in its use of subversive strategies such as rhetoric and euphemism. The subversiveness of the novella is validated by the fact that the Spanish Inquisition deemed it necessary to ban the text 12 on the grounds of heresy and its overall anti-clerical taste. Word Count : 1,238 Bibliography http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/subversion The Characteristics of Subversive Literature (http://www. ehow. com/info_11386262_characteristics-subversive-literature. html? ref=Track2amp;utm_source=ask) Lazarillo de Tormes and Reality (http://www. spainthenandnow. com/spanish-literature/lazarillo-de-tormes-and-reality/default_111. aspx) Pragmatica del discurso y reciprocidad de perspectivas: Los juramentos de Juan Haldudo (Quijote I, 4) y de Don Juan, Gomez-Moriana, Antonio, Nueva Revista de Filologia Hispanica, 1988, Vol. 5(2), pp. 1045-1067 Revista Canadiense de Estudios Hispanicos, 1980, Vol. 4(2), pp133-154, La subversion del discurso ritual : una lectura intertextual del Lazarillo de Tormes. Antonio Gomez-Moriana. The Subversive Tradition in Spanish Renaissance Writing, Antonio Perez-Romano, Bucknell University Press, 2005   339 pages. Lazarillo de Tormes:—dos traducciones/two translations, Copyright  ©1997, 2002 George Stephen

Working with Data Just Got Easier Converting Tabular Data into RDF Within GraphDB

Working with Data Just Got Easier: Converting Tabular Data into RDF Within GraphDB Teodora Petkova Exciting as the things GraphDB allows you to do (explore heterogenous datasets, build relationships between facts, uncover meaning inside unstructured data, infer new knowledge, to mention just a few), they all start with, to put it mildly, the not so inspiring task of cleaning your data and further transforming it into RDF.In practice, before the leaps of data-driven insights and actions come the heaps of inconsistent, unfiltered and heterogenous data that need to be cleaned up. For the data worker having to deal with these messy data is not unlike the fifth labor of Hercules where the hero gets the dirty job of cleaning the Augean Stables. Saving Time and Effort with GraphDB’s OntoRefine With plenty of tools for cleaning and conversion of data, the question of leveraging legacy data is not so much how to get these data transformed into interoperable and easy to query and integrate data pieces (read RDF the so-called backbone of the Semantic Web) but rather about how to do this with maximum productivity and minimum wasted effort.And this is where OntoRefine comes into play.OntoRefine is a new addition to GraphDB that allows you to do many ETL (extract, transform and load) tasks over tabular data through an intuitive user interface. Based on the open source tool for working with messy data   OpenRefine (formerly called Google Refine), and embedded in GraphDB, OntoRefine makes the process of filtering and editing inconsistent data easy and frictionless.To get back to the Augean Stables parallel, think of OntoRefine as the witty little tool of the brave data hero tasked with the dirty job of data cleanup and transformation.Before OntoRefine, to turn tabular into inte rlinked graph data, data had to be loaded in a tool, cleaned manually, further exported and then imported into another tool as to be transformed into RDF. Finally, after yet another import and export, the RDF dataset had to be loaded into GraphDB. With OntoRefine these processes can happen within GraphDB.Thus cleaning up and transforming a non-RDF dataset is a fast and easy process, leaving more time for the things that really matter: running queries to discover interesting relationships within data, integrating data in short, enjoying the full power of working with data as a graph.Key to what OntoRefine does is the heavy lifting of removing inconsistencies, filtering data simultaneously, converting them into RDF and then importing the dataset into the repository. OntoRefine can be used for converting tabular data into RDF and importing it into a GraphDB repository, using simple SPARQL queries and a virtual endpoint. The supported formats include various line-based files, TSV, CSV, *SV, XLS, XLSX, JSON, XML, RDF as XML, and Google sheet.From the vantage point of understanding the power of working with data as a graph, OntoRefine is a tiny yet important step toward thinking outside the table.Quick Facts About OntoRefineBased on OpenRefine.Embedded in GraphDB’s.Transforms data using SPIN functions.Allows cleaning up and transforming data without leaving the GraphDB Workbench.Supports the following formats: line-based files, TSV, CSV, *SV, XLS, XLSX, JSON, XML, RDF as XML, Google sheet.Get, Load, Clean, Import and Enjoy!To clean up and transform non-RDF data into RDF using OntoRefine, you need to pick a dataset, load it and process it, and then upload it to GraphDB. In the video below you can go through the details of the data cleanup and transformation process. The dataset selected and transformed is from data.amsterdam.nl and contains records of restaurants and cafes in and around Amsterdam, and was available as a CSV file.Watch the entire video to lear n:How to create an empty repository and connect to it;How to import a dataset, preview data and specify various parameters;How to create a project and start cleaning data;How to edit simultaneously cells containing a particular entry;How to apply filters by selecting a subset of possible values and how to edit all entries in a column;How to use a SPARQL Construct query to shape our data in a specified way.To dive even deeper into the technical details behind OntoRefine,   check: OntoRefine overview and features.More Business Value with Clean and RDF-ized DataFast and frictionless experience when cleaning up and RDF-izing within GraphDB means a smoother data processing workflow and above all saving time and effort for focusing on data modeling and analysis. With OntoRefine embedded in the latest version of GraphDB GraphDB 8, cleaning and transforming tabular data are brought together in one place to let those working with data tap into the full potential of handling data as a gra ph.See for yourself how easy and smooth the processes of data cleanup and transformation into RDF with OntoRefine are.

Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Essays - Free Essays

Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Essays - Free Essays Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis MGT 448 November 11, 2013 Country Risk and Strategic Planning Analysis Globalization is more of a necessity than an option in certain markets because of the potential for growth, but before investing abroad, the associated risks need to be known and understood. A country risk analysis can be used to avoid making a decision to expand an organization into a region that may result in financial disaster. Risks that need to be considered include but are not limited to political, legal, regulatory, social, cultural, and technological. Market risks also need to be addressed. After measuring the risks, the planning begins. Regardless of the level of risk, strategic planning is a key component to the success of every organization rather operating domestically or abroad. The foundation of strategic plans involve defining the mission and objectives, performing a SWOTT analysis, choosing a strategy, selecting and justifying a suitable mode of entry for the global product or service, controlling and evaluating performance, and devising a contingency plan. After asse ssing the risks and devising a plan, the next logical step would be taking actions towards global expansion. Political, Legal, and Regulatory Risks Taiwan is considered a low risk in accordance with a country risk analysis, it is seems predictable and transparent in the legal system, and business infrastructure, and their financial system meets the necessary regulatory requirement for a global economy (Economist, 2013) as shown in table 1 Risk Rating. Taiwans relationship with China is considered low risk from a political view. The Taiwan government has privatized and deregulated much of the economy in seeking improvement with it relationship with China, where in China would greatly improve Taiwans economic projections (AMB, 2013). RISK RATINGSCurrentCurrentPreviousPrevious RatingScoreRatingScore Overall assessmentA20B22 Security riskA11A11 Political stability riskA20A20 Government effectiveness riskB29B29 Legal & regulatory riskB22B22 Macroeconomic riskA15A20 Foreign trade & payments riskA18B21 Financial riskB25B29 Tax policy riskA12A12 Labour market riskB32B32 Infrastructure riskA19B25 Note: E=most risky; 100=most risky. The risk ratings model is run once a quarter. (Economist, 2013) Exchange and Repatriation of Funds Risks The exchange and the repatriation of funds risk is denominated is U.S. dollar. The performance is affected in the movement in the exchange rates between the currencies that are held in assets and U.S. dollar. Those exchanges that are control by regulations have caused difficulties in the repatriation of funds. The Taiwans dollar may have shown gains on the speculation of the exporters in converting overseas revenue, but has seen little progress in government bonds (Wong, 2012). Competitive Risk Assessment The global recession that has affected many countries in Southeast Asia. Taiwans competitive risk is still in fluctuation due to the drop in export demand for the United States and other major trading partners. The tradeoff is Taiwans well-educated workforce and pro-business government. This continues to be an attractive region for investors due to low labor costs, natural resources, and the continual growth of it infrastructure (AMB, 2013). Taxation and Double Taxation Risks Taiwans companies continue to expand their operations on global scale. Taxation is greatly influence or control by China. Mainland China has amended their corporate income tax law, where there is a reduction in tax incentives offered to foreign organizations operating locally in Taiwan. Essentially, added income tax withholding on outward-bound earnings fee for the investment structure design. China has adopted different tax policies to be used to help balance trade with countries like the United States, for example, export rebates, and non-tax measures on bond payment of material (Go, 2013). What the outcome is foreign income from Taiwans companies is taxable in that country with double taxation being relieved or forgiven by foreign tax credits. Market Risks (Four Ps) The market risks involve the four Ps, which include product, price, place, and promotion. The products Apple continues to push are the iPad and iPhone. The products must be carefully crafted to appeal to a mass audience especially with the amount of other competition such as Samsung, Google, and Microsoft. Apple continues to stand out in the technological market and stand behind its quality products. The price of Apples goods could be a possible barrier. They are quite expensive because of their standard of quality. However, discounts are made available when the purchase is combined with a wireless carriers telecommunications contract. The place Apple sells its products is worldwide for

Is it Ever OK to Tell Your Boss Youre Looking for a New Job

Is it Ever OK to Tell Your Boss Youre Looking for a New Job It can be tricky when you’re job hunting and trying to keep it a secret from your boss and fellow employees. You might have to  resort to fake doctor appointments or a family emergency to get time off for interviews. In another roadblock, your current job can prevent you from listing coworkers or members of management as recommendations on your resume. Is there any professional way  to tell your boss you’re job hunting to make it easier for yourself?Examine Why You’re Job HuntingBefore checking out those job search sites, you may want to ask yourself why you are planning on finding a new job. Ask yourself if you are looking for a larger salary, more responsibilities, or are using the opportunity to switch career paths. One way to examine your  reasons  for job hunting is to  create a list of positive and negative points of your current job. After completing the list, you will have a good idea why you really want a change.Times When You Can Tell Your Bos sActually, there are times when you can tell your boss you are job hunting without many problems. For example, if your spouse has taken a job in a different city and you are forced to move, it’s fine to share your news. Perhaps you have bought a new house on the other side of town, and the commute would add too much time to your daily routine. Or maybe you  have health problems that could force you to take a job with less stress, or your spouse just retired and you want to work closer to home. Logistical reasons for a job change are fine to share with your boss.Think about the Repercussions FirstHaving a good relationship with your employer can make telling him or her  a possibility. In some instances, if you are an employee who knows you are valued, you might be offered a raise, another position in the company, or added responsibilities as an enticement to get you stay with the job. However, whether you tell your boss is strictly a judgment call. If you call it wrong, yo u could be out looking for a job earlier than you had planned and without the backup of your current position.Timing is EverythingYou’ve been on several interviews and the hiring manager is talking about when you start your new job. Is it time to inform your boss and put in your resignation? Until you have actually signed the contract for your new job, you should  hold off on telling your current employer. You aren’t actually hired until those papers are signed, and someone else might come along and snag the new job you thought you had. When your new contract is signed, then is the time to tell your employer. It is also a good idea to let your new employer know that you need to give notice to your current boss with enough time for a replacement to be hired to fill your position. Your new boss will appreciate your courtesy.Knowing when to tell your current employer that you are job hunting can be an important consideration to protect yourself. Job hunting with the abi lity to find all the listings that suit your position is also important, and there are easier ways than searching through job classifieds. TheJobNetwork can help. After you fill out your work interests and qualifications, TheJobNetwork searches 24-hours a day for listings that match your description and sends those listings to you as an email alert. All you do is sign up for job match alert to get started.

Lateral violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Lateral violence - Essay Example Many theories have been put forward to explain the phenomena in nursing but low self-esteem plays a major role in perpetrating lateral violence. This paper discusses lateral violence in nursing. In nursing profession, Kramer (1974) defines lateral violence as unsuitable behavior or aggression between fellow nursing colleagues. Lateral violence occurs between nurses working on the same level of nursing hierarchy. A nurse who uses this kind of violence usually intends to inflict psychological pain to the other colleague. The violence manifests itself differently and Griffin (2004) indentified ten forms of lateral violence including non-verbal innuendo, withholding information, verbal affront, undermining activities, infighting, and sabotage. In addition, scapegoating, backstabbing, broken confidences and failure to respect privacy are other forms of lateral violence between nurses (Griffin, 2004). Lateral violence is a serious problem in nursing and many research studies indicate an in creasing trend of the vice in health care institutions. A study conducted by Institute of Medicine (2004) established that 65% of the nurses in the United States healthcare institutions often observed lateral violence behaviors in their colleagues. ... Consequently, these effects enhance professional disengagement, job dissatisfaction, increased turnover and absenteeism, which reduce their performance and productivity in the work places. In this case, patients pay the heaviest price of lateral violence because they receive poor services that expose them to greater health and safety risks (Stanley, 2010). According to Longo and Sherman (2007), lateral violence distracts cognitive abilities of the nurses undermining their concentration at work, leading to increased injuries and errors. Moreover, Griffin (2004) notes that the affected nurses suffer from heightened psychological and physical problems that expose their patients to greater risks. According to Stanley (2010), 67% of nurses in an Australian hospital admitted to making errors when angry about an aggression incident. Kramer (1974) attributes lateral violence to increased nurse turnover in the Unites States’ health care institutions. This trend imposes heavy economic b urden to health care institutions. A study conducted by Stanley (2010) in United States acute care hospitals established that turnover expense of one registered nurse cost the institutions from$62,000 to $67,000. In 2007, Stanley (2010) established that the turnover costs of one registered nurse in the country ranged from $82,000 to $88,000 in the whole year. The costs represented a 32% increase in a 5-year period, from 2002 to 2007. Researchers attribute lateral violence in nursing to various factors. Griffin (2004) argues that the aggression results from oppressed group behavior. The profession demands a lot from the nurses and yet they are not given enough

In what ways are the Aristotelian and Stoic accounts of emotion Essay

In what ways are the Aristotelian and Stoic accounts of emotion influenced by Plato's account of the psych in Republic IV - Essay Example He is an author of numerous works with their basis for his opinion regarding some issues like physical sciences, the sources of happiness, ethics of the Greek people and treatment of anger. His philosophies had a significant influence on the philosophical theories in the Western world (Plato 31). The history of the Stoics traces in the Hellenistic times. It consists of a number of philosophers teaching and talking about their views on philosophical issues during that period. Zeno originated with Stoicism philosophy, and he hailed from Athens as a teacher (Plato 34). His lecturing was noteworthy because it took place outside the classroom environment. Alexander, who was Aristotle’s student later, took over the philosophy. The philosopher addresses several areas, just like the issues by Aristotle’s philosophy as it has done (Plato 94). This philosophy is dissimilar to Aristotle in some issues and the manner of arguing out their issues. The only difference between this philosophy and that of Aristotle is how they view the issue of anger treatment differently. Aristotle reflects that anger has effects in the life and actions of an individual with that emotion. It is for that reason that he suggests that individuals should be careful prior adopting any action when they are angry. He connects anger to choices and choices by the person in question here. This theory explains that human beings should wait until their anger is over, so that they act to avoid regrets (Plato 110). Aristotle suggests that it is a cognitive response, meaning that the causes of resentment are due to a communication of the person’s mind and body. The effect is always negative as people tend to make wrong choices when angry, choices that they later regret. Reason being, communication to mind is so quick that the person does not realize the wrong act he is doing, which ends up being revenge.

Looking At The Child Protection System Social Work Essay

Looking At The Child Protection System Social Work Essay The literature looks previous and existing literature on how effective the local authorities are at promoting the needs of black African children and their families who are involved in the child protection system. In previous years there have been deaths of African children such Victoria Climbie and khyra Ishaq. There have also been deaths of other African children in Britain linked to witchcraft. A theme echoed by the majority of the literature is that if social work practice and policy is to prevent these tragedies there is need to understand and acknowledge different contexts of culture and diversity. The main theme is how to provide social work interventions and family support that are culturally sensitive and competent to both children and their families who are at risk of significant harm. There is need for social work professional to understand parenting practices in African families and protect children hence every child matters was implemented. The laming report (2009) set o ut challenges faced safeguarding children such as, training and workforce issues still need to be resolved and data systems need to be improved and there is still need improve knowledge and skills to understand children and their family circumstances. Also the laming report noted that despite the progress in inter-agency working there are still problems of day to day reality of working across organisational boundaries and culture, sharing information and lack of feedback when professionals raise concerns about a child. In this literature review I will be focusing on black African children and their families analysing their experiences of the child protection system that have come to live in united kingdom and how the children are protected in the child protection arena. I will be paying attention to key themes and debates in research, validity and generalisability of data, gaps in research and future implications to practice. I will be using the term black African throughout the review of literature; however I recognise that there are different races in Africa who share the same culture and beliefs. Literature search Material used for the literature reviewed varies; I included journals searched online, books from the library and articles from the internet and material published by the government. As I searched the online journals and books I discovered there was little material about my chosen topic and scarce research on the topic of the needs of black African children and child protection children. Most studies and literature focused on black and minority ethnics and mixed parentage children hence the proportion of black African children can be over-represented in these studies and the data cannot be generalised easily to the wider population. There is need for professionals to have knowledge about the identity and diversity of black African children and their families because Britain has seen an enormous growth of African people due globalisation and other environmental factors such as war, famine and work opportunities. However not all children from African families get involved in the child protection system. Review of the literature Research data and statistics on African black children are not constant and highlight mis-representations. According to the 2001 census the population of black African people was 0.8%. However, these statistics are from 2001 and the populations could have increased due to migration and the 2011 census will offer more up to date statistics. Also not everyone registers for the census especially black and minority people who are isolated and who do not have any immigration status might shy away from the census in fear of deportation. The department for education and skills (2006) estimated the number of African children in need to be 8000 in 2005. this accounted for 3% of the overall total- an over-representation compared with the 2001 census in which African children made up 1.4% of the population. Research highlights the over-representation of the African children and their families involved in the child protection system for example, data of African children is combined with afro-Car ibbean children and ethnic minority children- statistical data from British children represented 5% of the children on the child protection register in 2005, but census data 2001, black or black children made up 3% of the total population (national statistics, 2003). Research data continues to indicate that black communities are disproportionately represented across social welfare statistics (graham, 2006; barn et al 1997). Britain has experienced a massive increase in population due to people coming into Britain for better lifestyles, escaping war, famine, torture and looking for better job opportunities. Britain has experience a rise in the number of people claiming asylum and some of them are unaccompanied asylum seeking children. When looking at experiences of black African children and their families and how to offer them appropriate intervention it is important to acknowledge diversity in terms of religion, culture, language and beliefs (Bernard and gupta 2008; gibbs and huang 2003; robinson 2007). Research has shown that black families black African communities and ethnic communities are likely to live in poverty. There is well documented literature on social exclusion and poverty experienced by black African children which also is inclined to impact on the parenting abilities of parents. Also looking at histories and backgrounds of black African families is which add to poverty is also highlighted in research, (Bernard and gupta 2008; gibbs and huang 2003; robinson 2007). Research has shown some of the factors that affect African children and their families such as private fostering and asylum seeking, HIV/AIDS, poverty- highlighting grief, loss and separation, (Bernard and gupta 2008). Review of the research suggest that black African children are almost twice as likely to be looked after, however some of these children will be accommodated under section 20 of the children act 1989 due to being unaccompanied asylum seeking children (Bernard and gupta 2008; robinson 2007; barn 1993). Jones 2001, highlights the conflict between the children act 1989 and immigration legislation and policy and Jones argues that social work profession singularly failed to provide critical scrutiny on the status and relationship of immigration and child care law and the erosion of childrens rights. The number of refugee children arriving in uk is arising annually and the vulnerability of refugee children has legal, emotional and practical aspects (woodcock, 2003; chase, 2009). There is substantial evidence to indicate that many refugee children and young people from different cultures manifest symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and other mental health problems (Hodes, 2000 , 2002; Ehntholt and Yule, 2006; Dyregrov and Yule, 2006).Research on social work with unaccompanied children is limited (kohli and mather 2003). Research also states that there is risk of alienating black children in care by not meeting their emotional and psychological needs due to no contact with community with same culture, family and lack of black workers (bran et al 1997 pg 9). However, available research data paint a complex and contradictory picture and data is combined with other minority ethnic children Analysis of literature draws attention to that the way black African families parent their children and their daily lives had been neglected in many studies in child welfare literature and there is little empirical evidence especially about African parenting in Britain (Bernard, 2002 graham 2006). Research has looked at cultural values and how they influence parenting in African families involved with the child protection system (brophy et al 2003). Literature highlights that there is need to look at kin-ship and extended families. Family structures have been changed due to globalisation, war and other social factors. There is few research data on impact of culture, gender ideology, socio-economic status and religious belief influencing parenting and also notions of what constitutes harmful behaviour. The few data that exist states that; cultural practices appear to play some part in African children being involved in the child protection system, (mama 2004). Barn et al 2006 challeng e popular myth and stereotype that some cultural groups have more punitive punishment practices. They found no significant differences between ethnic groups with regard to physical punishment of children-thoburn et al 2005 pg 83 agree. Nobes and smith 1997s study of physical punishment by parents found physical punishment was universal in the 99 two parent families and Thompson et al 2002 found that 67 mothers in new forest are of England reported diverse behaviour management tactics and mothers who used physical punishment reported less behavioural problems in their children than mothers used reasoning. This supports the challenge the stereotypes that cultural groups have more punitive punishment practices because the majority of the above studies involved parenting by white culture in the United Kingdom. Studies on parenting by other black and ethnic cultures are scarce and there is need for research. A growing body of literature emphasises the importance of appreciating the socia l contexts of parenting and lived experiences of African children for making sense of child maltreatment (Holland 2004, Robinson 2007). Black perspective is based on the notion of common experiences that black people in Britain share and it is critical of oppressive research paradigm and theoretical formulations that have a potential oppressive effect on black people, (Robinson 2007). An understanding of black frame of reference will enable social work professionals to come up with more accurate and comprehensive assessments of African black children involved with the child protection system, (Robinson 2007). Ecological perspective is important in analysis of impacts of poverty, discrimination, immigration and social isolation on black and minority children (gibbons and huang 2003 pg 3). However there is the danger of over-generalisation and stereotyping because individual members of a culture may vary greatly from the pattern that is typical within that culture (Robinson 1998) Research argues that postmodern theories have gained a strong foothold in the profession of social work (pease and fook 1999; learnard 1997). However Their tenets have been strongly contested by those demanding a more complex understanding of identity, i.e., one that links the personal with the structural or collective elements of human existence alongside the individual ones (Dominelli 2002; graham 2002) and those drawing on the idea that what holds people together are what they share in common or their sameness (Badiou 2001). The lack of appropriate preventative suppoirt servives and lack of understanding of cultural of black families often result in social work operating against the interests of black children (barn 1993, graham 2002) Anti-discriminatory perspectives and incorporation of knowledge from service users Social workers contribute to the perpetuation of oppression through their practice by directly or indirectly engaging in structural oppression its institutional and cultural forms that are integral elements in the ways in which social relations in a globalising world have been organised, (dominelli 2007). Key to eliminating structural forms of racism is that of addressing the issue of binary dyads that reaffirm racist dynamics rather than challenging them. Nonetheless, resistance to its perpetuation is evident in many of the responses by service users and practitioners. Social work educators and practitioners have much more to contribute to the elimination of oppression. (dominelli 2007). Social work has operated within a problem oriented framework which is characterised by deficit and dysfunctional theories of black families (Robinson 2008). Dominelli (1992) argues that black children and families are over-represented in the controlling aspects of social work and under-represented in the welfare aspects of social work. Problems with communication and working in partnership have been highlighted in literature. Fifty-four young people participated in the research. Chase, 2009 study-The majority (80 per cent) of participants were identified through a single London local Authority, Young people often described complex relationships with social workers and other social care professionals and were also more mistrustful of the interplay between social care and immigration services: Hellen, from Ethiopia, said: Sometimes they dont understand you when you are sad. They keep asking you questions. It makes me angry, it makes me want to shout. It makes me remember all the bad things and they dont understand that. If they ask me (questions) I will suffer for months. The positioning of social workers within the asylum system is a difficult one to negotiate. They are expected to apply social care principles such as the best interests of the child, yet work within very clear organisational boundaries and regulatory codes-frequently dictated by resource and funding limitations. The Climbie inquiry (laming 2003) highlights the challenges faced by local authorities when developing information-sharing indexes for keeping insight of the children who are on the margins of society and whose lives are characterised by transitions. Literature highlights some of the challenges for social work assessing and making decisions about African children and families whose cultures differ from the majority white population (brophy et al 2003, laming 2003) The fear of being seen as a racist combined with cultural stereotypes can lead to a failure to make judgements and intervene appropriately regarding practices that are harmful (burman et al 2004 study) Whilst their views should form part of policy related discussions on current topics, respect for childrens rights may still be lacking. Meanwhile, such notions challenge us to take children seriously and to appreciate their contribution to social reproduction and change (Aubrey and Dahl 2006). Lots of research appear to focus on empowerment through cultural knowledge inviting new thinking about the challenges faced by black communities Relevance to policy and practice The complex social circumstance experiences by many African families pose challenges for parents, children and social work professionals working to safeguard and promote childrens welfare The framework for assessment of children in need and their families (DoH, 2000) based on the ecological approach places a requirement on workers to consider families histories and social circumstances and literature of anti-oppressive practice stresses the importance if consideration being paid to power relationships (dlrybple and burke 1995). There must be some understanding of the links between peoples personal experience of pressing and structural reality if inequality pg 123 In order to safeguard and promote welfare of African children acknowledgement of sources of discrimination and oppression, a commitment to human rights and social justice must be met. Through developing effective relationships with African children and families can professionals begin to understand their individual, emotional as well as practical needs. Global mobility and consequent changing nature of communities require local authorities to be proactive in gathering information and developing services including interpretation services that are responsive to the needs of African and minority ethnic families. Several authors have critically analysed the evidence on service provision for black families in general. A pathologising approach to black families may lead to unnecessary coercive intervention and on the other hand a cultural relativist approach may lead to a non-intervention when services are required (dominelli 1997, chand 2000). Either way appropriate intervention is not pr ovided for black and ethnic minority children. The quality of services in black communities is a focus for debate and raises important issues about the lack of policy initiatives based upon needs and aspirations of local communities (graham 2002) Subjecting cultural practices to scrutiny is a necessary party of the assessment process of professionals are to achieve better outcomes for children. A balance must be struck between sensitively challenging claims that certain types of behaviour are the norm in African families whilst at the same time not losing sight of childrens welfare needs. By drawing on strengths perspective professionals can illuminate how parents draw on cultures a s a resource to parents in circumstance of adversity whilst not excusing behaviour that is harmful to children. The issue of punishment is one of the most controversial areas relating to black families, child abuse and social work (chand 2000 pg 72) Conclusion This review has highlighted that multiple social, environmental and parental factors interact in complex ways to bring black African children into the child protection arena. Thus, making professional judgments regarding thresholds of concern for African children poses a major set of challenges and, ultimately, practitioners need the skills, knowledge and conceptual tools to distinguish between the styles of parenting that differ from those of the majority culture, but which are not necessarily harmful, and parents who seek to justify abusive and neglectful behaviour by drawing on cultural explanations to justify their actions.